Beobachter (Entwurfsmuster)
Das Beobachter-Muster ({{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|full|CODE=en|SCRIPTING=Latn|SERVICE=englisch}}, auch {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}) ist ein Entwurfsmuster aus dem Bereich der Softwareentwicklung. Es gehört zur Kategorie der Verhaltensmuster (engl. {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}) und dient der Weitergabe von Änderungen an einem Objekt an von diesem Objekt abhängige Strukturen.<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}</ref> Das Muster ist eines der sogenannten GoF-Muster ({{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}; siehe Viererbande).
Neben {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}} (kurz pub/sub) erfährt das Beobachter-Muster mit dem Signal-Slot-Konzept eine weitere Ausprägung.
Verwendung
Allgemeine Anwendungssituationen
Allgemein finden Beobachter-Muster Anwendung, wenn eine Abstraktion mehrere Aspekte hat, die von einem anderen Aspekt derselben Abstraktion abhängen, wo Änderung eines Objekts Änderungen an anderen Objekten nach sich zieht oder ein Objekt andere Objekte benachrichtigen soll, ohne diese im Detail zu kennen.
Anwendungsbeispiel
Eine oder auch mehrere Komponenten stellen den Zustand eines Objektes grafisch dar. Sie kennen die gesamte Schnittstelle dieses Objektes. Ändert sich der Zustand des Objektes, müssen die darstellenden Komponenten darüber informiert werden. Andererseits soll das Objekt aber von den Komponenten unabhängig bleiben, ihre Schnittstelle also nicht kennen.
Beispiel: Messergebnisse werden gleichzeitig in einem Balkendiagramm, einem Liniendiagramm und einer Tabelle dargestellt. Messwerte ändern sich permanent. Die Komponenten der Diagramme sollen diese Änderungen permanent darstellen, das gemessene Objekt soll dabei aber keine Kenntnis über die Struktur dieser Komponenten besitzen.
Lösung
Das beobachtete Objekt bietet einen Mechanismus, um Beobachter an- und abzumelden und diese über Änderungen zu informieren. Es kennt alle seine Beobachter nur über die (überschaubare) Schnittstelle Beobachter. Änderungen werden völlig unspezifisch zwischen dem beobachteten Objekt und jedem angemeldeten Beobachter ausgetauscht. Dieses braucht also die weitere Struktur dieser Komponenten nicht zu kennen. Die Beobachter implementieren ihrerseits eine (spezifische) Methode, um auf die Änderung zu reagieren.
Man unterscheidet drei verschiedene Arten, das Beobachter-Muster umzusetzen:<ref>Bernd Brügge, Allen H. Dutoit: Objektorientierte Softwaretechnik: mit UML, Entwurfsmustern und Java. 2., überarbeitete Auflage. Addison-Wesley Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-8273-7082-5.</ref>
- Push Notification
- Jedes Mal, wenn sich das beobachtete Objekt ändert, werden alle Beobachter benachrichtigt. Es werden jedoch keine Daten mitgeschickt, weshalb diese Form immer die gleiche Beobachter-Schnittstelle hat. Die Beobachter müssen nach Eintreffen der Nachricht Daten abholen.
- Push-Update Notification
- Jedes Mal, wenn sich das beobachtete Objekt ändert, werden alle Beobachter benachrichtigt. Zusätzlich leitet das beobachtete Objekt die Update-Daten, die die Änderungen beschreiben, an die Beobachter weiter.
- Pull Notification
- Der Beobachter fragt selbstständig nach dem Zustand des beobachteten Objekts.
UML-Diagramm
Das folgende Klassendiagramm zeigt die am Entwurfsmuster beteiligten Rollen. Das Subjekt kann mehrere Beobachter haben, die unterschiedlichen konkreten Klassen angehören können.
Akteure
Ein Subjekt (beobachtbares Objekt, auf Englisch publisher, also „Veröffentlicher“, genannt) hat eine Liste von Beobachtern, ohne deren konkrete Typen zu kennen. Es bietet eine Schnittstelle zur An- und Abmeldung von Beobachtern und eine Schnittstelle zur Benachrichtigung von Beobachtern über Änderungen an.
Ein konkretes Subjekt (konkretes, beobachtbares Objekt) speichert den relevanten Zustand und benachrichtigt alle Beobachter bei Zustandsänderungen über deren Aktualisierungsschnittstelle. Es verfügt über eine Schnittstelle zur Erfragung des aktuellen Zustands.
Die Beobachter (auf Englisch auch subscriber, also „Abonnent“, genannt) definieren eine Aktualisierungsschnittstelle.
Konkrete Beobachter verwalten die Referenz auf ein konkretes Subjekt, dessen Zustand sie beobachten und speichern und dessen Zustand konsistent ist. Sie implementieren eine Aktualisierungsschnittstelle unter Verwendung der Abfrageschnittstelle des konkreten Subjekts.
Vorteile
Subjekte und Beobachter können unabhängig variiert werden. Subjekt und Beobachter sind auf abstrakte und minimale Art lose gekoppelt. Das beobachtete Objekt braucht keine Kenntnis über die Struktur seiner Beobachter zu besitzen, sondern kennt diese nur über die Beobachter-Schnittstelle. Ein abhängiges Objekt erhält die Änderungen automatisch. Es werden auch Multicasts unterstützt.
Nachteile
Änderungen am Subjekt führen bei großer Beobachteranzahl zu hohen Änderungskosten. Außerdem informiert das Subjekt jeden Beobachter, auch wenn dieser die Änderungsinformation nicht benötigt. Zusätzlich können die Änderungen weitere Änderungen nach sich ziehen und so einen unerwartet hohen Aufwand haben.
Der Mechanismus liefert keine Information darüber, was sich geändert hat. Die daraus resultierende Unabhängigkeit der Komponenten kann sich allerdings auch als Vorteil herausstellen.
Ruft ein Beobachter während der Bearbeitung einer gemeldeten Änderung wiederum Änderungsmethoden des Subjektes auf, kann es zu Endlosschleifen kommen.
Typischerweise ist im Quellcode des Subjektes nicht erkennbar, welche Beobachter genau informiert werden. Es wird dadurch häufig schwer nachvollziehbar, welche Zustände das Programm bei einem Ereignis insgesamt durchläuft.
Beispiel in C++
Diese C++14 Implementierung basiert auf der vor C++98 Implementierung im Buch Entwurfsmuster.
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
- include <iostream>
- include <list>
- include <memory>
class Beobachter; // Beobachter Deklaration
class Subjekt { public:
Subjekt() :beobachtern() {}
// kennt seine Beobachter. Eine beliebige Anzahl von Beobachtern kann ein Subjekt beobachten.
void benachrichtige();
// bietet eine Schnittstelle zum An- und Abmelden von Beobachtern.
void meldeAn(Beobachter* beobachter) {
beobachtern.push_front(beobachter);
}
void meldeAb(Beobachter* beobachter) {
beobachtern.remove(beobachter);
}
private:
std::list<Beobachter*> beobachtern; // braucht Beobachter Deklaration
};
class Beobachter { // Beobachter Definition public:
// definiert eine Aktualisierungsschnittstelle für Objekte, die über Änderungen eines Subjekts benachrichtigt werden sollen. virtual void aktualisiere(Subjekt*) = 0; virtual ~Beobachter() = default;
};
void Subjekt::benachrichtige() {
for (const auto& x:beobachtern)
x->aktualisiere(this); // braucht Beobachter Definition
}
class KonkretesSubjekt: public Subjekt { public:
KonkretesSubjekt(): subjektZustand(0) {}
int getZustand() {
return subjektZustand;
}
void setZustand(int subjektZustand_) {
subjektZustand = subjektZustand_;
std::cout << "this=" << this << " subjektZustand=" << subjektZustand << '\n';
// benachrichtigt seine Beobachter, wenn sich sein Zustand ändert.
benachrichtige();
}
private:
// speichert den für KonkreterBeobachter relevanten Zustand. int subjektZustand;
};
class KonkreterBeobachter: public Beobachter { public:
KonkreterBeobachter(std::shared_ptr<KonkretesSubjekt> konkretesSubjekt_):
beobachterZustand(0),
konkretesSubjekt(konkretesSubjekt_.get()) {
konkretesSubjekt->meldeAn(this);
}
KonkreterBeobachter(const KonkreterBeobachter&) = delete; // Dreierregel KonkreterBeobachter& operator=(const KonkreterBeobachter&) = delete;
// implementiert die Aktualisierungsschnittstelle der Beobachterklasse, um seinen Zustand mit dem des Subjekts konsistent zu halten.
void aktualisiere(Subjekt* subjekt) {
if (subjekt == konkretesSubjekt) {
beobachterZustand = konkretesSubjekt->getZustand();
std::cout << "this=" << this << " beobachterZustand=" << beobachterZustand << '\n';
}
}
virtual ~KonkreterBeobachter() {
konkretesSubjekt->meldeAb(this);
}
private:
// speichert den Zustand, der mit dem des Subjekts in Einklang stehen soll. int beobachterZustand; // verwaltet eine Referenz auf ein KonkretesSubjekt. KonkretesSubjekt* konkretesSubjekt;
};
int main() {
// Dynamischer Speicher (Heap). Smart pointers verhindern Memory Leaks. std::shared_ptr<KonkretesSubjekt> ks = std::make_shared<KonkretesSubjekt>(); std::unique_ptr<KonkreterBeobachter> kb1 = std::make_unique<KonkreterBeobachter>(ks); std::unique_ptr<KonkreterBeobachter> kb2 = std::make_unique<KonkreterBeobachter>(ks); ks->setZustand(42);
} </syntaxhighlight>
Die Programmausgabe ist ähnlich zu:
this=0xad4e80 subjektZustand=42 this=0xad4ef0 beobachterZustand=42 this=0xad4eb0 beobachterZustand=42
Sonstiges
Bei der gerade durchgeführten Beobachtung eines Objektzustands kann es notwendig sein, einen konsistenten Subjektzustand zu garantieren. Dies kann durch synchrone Aufrufe der Notifizierungsmethode des Beobachters sichergestellt werden. (In einem Multithreading-System sind eventuell Synchronisationsmechanismen wie Sperren oder Warteschlangen zur Benachrichtigung der Beobachter erforderlich.)
Manche Programmiersprachen (wie beispielsweise Java) bieten eine Standard-Implementierung zum Beobachter-Muster an.<ref>Observer Interface Javadoc. docs.oracle.com, abgerufen am 3. Juni 2015.</ref> Allerdings führt eine solche Implementierung bei einer Programmiersprache, die keine multiple Vererbung von Klassen unterstützt, dazu, dass das Subjekt keine weiteren Klassen beerben kann, da es schon die Implementierung des Observer-Patterns erbt.
Verwandte Entwurfsmuster
Ein Vermittler kann zwischen Subjekten und Beobachtern vermitteln.
Weblinks
|1|= – Lern- und Lehrmaterialien |0|-= |X|x={{#switch: 0
|0|4|10|12|14|100=}}
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- Observer-Muster inkl. Implementierung Java-Implementierung sowohl mit Hilfe der Java API wie auch ohne derselben, Lösungen der Probleme des Observer-Musters mit AOP
Einzelnachweise
<references />
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}}
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}}
}} {{#if: Abstrakte Fabrik | Erbauer | Fabrikmethode | Prototyp | Singleton | Multiton | Objektpool | {{#if:Erzeugungsmuster||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 1|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Strukturmuster|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:{{{Kopfbreite}}};|}}"|Erzeugungsmuster }} |
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Abstrakte Fabrik | Erbauer | Fabrikmethode | Prototyp | Singleton | Multiton | Objektpool }} {{#if: | |
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{{#if: File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging |
{{#if:Integrationsarten||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 1|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Nachrichtenaufbau|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Integrationsarten
}}
{{#if: Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator |
{{#if:Nachrichtenaufbau||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 2|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Endpunkte|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Nachrichtenaufbau
}}
{{#if: Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator |
{{#if:Endpunkte||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 3|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Kanäle|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Endpunkte
}}
{{#if: Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus |
{{#if:Kanäle||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 4|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Nachrichtenvermittlung|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Kanäle
}}
{{#if: Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker |
{{#if:Nachrichtenvermittlung||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 5|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Nachrichtenumwandlung|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Nachrichtenvermittlung
}}
{{#if: Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model |
{{#if:Nachrichtenumwandlung||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 6|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Systemmanagement|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Nachrichtenumwandlung
}}
{{#if: Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger |
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{{BILD}}}
}}{{#if: | |
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{{{Untergruppe-Inhalt}}} }}
{{#if: File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging |
{{#if:Integrationsarten||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 1|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Nachrichtenaufbau|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Integrationsarten
}}
{{#if: Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator |
{{#if:Nachrichtenaufbau||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 2|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Endpunkte|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Nachrichtenaufbau
}}
{{#if: Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator |
{{#if:Endpunkte||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 3|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Kanäle|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Endpunkte
}}
{{#if: Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus |
{{#if:Kanäle||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 4|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Nachrichtenvermittlung|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Kanäle
}}
{{#if: Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker |
{{#if:Nachrichtenvermittlung||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 5|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Nachrichtenumwandlung|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Nachrichtenvermittlung
}}
{{#if: Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model |
{{#if:Nachrichtenumwandlung||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 6|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Systemmanagement|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Nachrichtenumwandlung
}}
{{#if: Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger |
{{#if:Systemmanagement||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 7|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: |2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|Systemmanagement
}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
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}}
{{#if: |
{{#if:||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 20|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: |2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:;|}}"|'
}}
}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{#if:Strukturmuster | colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Strukturmuster|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Adapter | Brücke | Decorator | Fassade | Fliegengewicht | Kompositum | Stellvertreter }} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{#if:Verhaltensmuster | colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Verhaltensmuster|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Beobachter | Besucher | Interpreter | Iterator | Kommando | Memento | Schablonenmethode | Strategie | Vermittler | Zustand | Zuständigkeitskette | Interceptor | Nullobjekt | Protokollstapel }} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{#if:Muster für objekt- relationale Abbildung |
colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Muster für objekt- relationale Abbildung|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"| Datentransferobjekt | Table Data Gateway | Row Data Gateway | Active Record | Unit of Work | Identity Map | Lazy Loading | Identity Field | Dependent Mapping | Embedded Value | Serialized LOB | Inheritance Mapper | Metadata Mapping | Query Object | Command-Query-Responsibility-Segregation }} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{#if:Integrationsarten | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging }} {{#if: | |
style="width:0%; padding:0 2px 0 0; " rowspan="{{#expr: 0{{#if:File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging|+2}}{{#if:Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator|+2}}{{#if:Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator|+2}}{{#if:Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus|+2}}{{#if:Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker|+2}}{{#if:Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model|+2}}{{#if:Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}}}" | {{{BILD}}}
}}{{#if: | |
style="width:0%; padding:0 2px 0 0; " rowspan="{{#expr: 0{{#if:File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging|+2}}{{#if:Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator|+2}}{{#if:Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator|+2}}{{#if:Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus|+2}}{{#if:Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker|+2}}{{#if:Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model|+2}}{{#if:Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}}}" | [[Datei:{{{Bild}}}|{{#if: | {{{Bild-px}}} | x{{#expr: 0{{#if:File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging|+11}}{{#if:Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator|+11}}{{#if:Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator|+11}}{{#if:Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus|+16}}{{#if:Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker|+11}}{{#if:Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model|+11}}{{#if:Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger|+11}}{{#if:|+16}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:{{{Untergruppe-Inhalt12}}}|+16}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+16}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+16}}}}px}}{{#if: {{{Bild-Beschreibung}}} | | {{{Bild-Beschreibung}}} }}]]
}} | |
| {{#if:Nachrichtenaufbau | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator }} | |||
| {{#if:Endpunkte | colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Endpunkte|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator }} | |||
| {{#if:Kanäle | colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Kanäle|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus }} | |||
| {{#if:Nachrichtenvermittlung | colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Nachrichtenvermittlung|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker }} | |||
| {{#if:Nachrichtenumwandlung | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model }} | |||
| {{#if:Systemmanagement | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger }} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
{{#if: File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging|}} |
{{#if:Nachrichten-
übermittlungsmuster||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 5|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: andere|2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:{{{Kopfbreite}}};|}}"|Nachrichten-
übermittlungsmuster
}}
{{#if:Nachrichten-
übermittlungsmuster
colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Nachrichten-
übermittlungsmuster|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:ja|0|0 .25em}};"|
{{#if: File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging|
| {{#if:Integrationsarten | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging }} {{#if: | |
style="width:0%; padding:0 2px 0 0; " rowspan="{{#expr: 0{{#if:File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging|+2}}{{#if:Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator|+2}}{{#if:Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator|+2}}{{#if:Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus|+2}}{{#if:Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker|+2}}{{#if:Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model|+2}}{{#if:Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}}}" | {{{BILD}}}
}}{{#if: | |
style="width:0%; padding:0 2px 0 0; " rowspan="{{#expr: 0{{#if:File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging|+2}}{{#if:Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator|+2}}{{#if:Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator|+2}}{{#if:Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus|+2}}{{#if:Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker|+2}}{{#if:Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model|+2}}{{#if:Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}{{#if:|+2}}}}" | [[Datei:{{{Bild}}}|{{#if: | {{{Bild-px}}} | x{{#expr: 0{{#if:File Transfer | Shared Database | Remote Procedure Invocation | Messaging|+11}}{{#if:Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator|+11}}{{#if:Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator|+11}}{{#if:Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus|+16}}{{#if:Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker|+11}}{{#if:Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model|+11}}{{#if:Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger|+11}}{{#if:|+16}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:{{{Untergruppe-Inhalt12}}}|+16}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+16}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+11}}{{#if:|+16}}}}px}}{{#if: {{{Bild-Beschreibung}}} | | {{{Bild-Beschreibung}}} }}]]
}} | |
| {{#if:Nachrichtenaufbau | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Message | Command Message | Document Message | Event Message | Request-Reply | Return Address | Correlation Identifier | Message Sequence | Message Expiration | Format Indicator }} | |||
| {{#if:Endpunkte | colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Endpunkte|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Message Endpoint | Messaging Gateway | Messaging Mapper | Transactional Client | Polling Consumer | Event-driven Consumer | Competing Consumers | Message Dispatcher | Selective Consumer | Durable Subscriber | Idempotent Receiver | Service Activator }} | |||
| {{#if:Kanäle | colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Kanäle|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Message Channel | Point-to-Point Channel | Publisher-Subscriber Channel | Datatype Channel | Invalid Message Channel | Dead Letter Channel | Guaranteed Delivery | Channel Adapter | Messaging Bridge | Message Bus }} | |||
| {{#if:Nachrichtenvermittlung | colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Nachrichtenvermittlung|left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Pipes-and-Filters | Message Router | Content-based Router | Message Filter | Dynamic Router | Recipient List | Splitter | Aggregator | Resequencer | Composed Message Processor | Scatter-Gather | Routing Slip | Process Manager | Message Broker }} | |||
| {{#if:Nachrichtenumwandlung | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Message Translator | Envelope Wrapper | Content Enricher | Content Filter | Claim Check | Normalizer | Canonical Data Model }} | |||
| {{#if:Systemmanagement | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Control Bus | Detour | Wire Tap | Message History | Message Store | Smart Proxy | Test Message | Channel Purger }} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
| {{#if: | left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
}} | |||
}}
}}
{{#if: Application Controller | Business Delegate | Data Access Object | Dependency Injection | Extension Interface | Fluent Interface | Inversion of Control (IoC) | Lock | Model View Controller (MVC) | Model View Presenter (MVP) | Model View Update (MVU) | Model View ViewModel (MVVM) | Page Controller | Registry | Remote Facade | Repository | Service Locator | Session State | Table Module | Template View | Threadpool | Transaction Script | Transform View | Two-Step View | Value Object | {{#if:andere||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 6|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: |2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:{{{Kopfbreite}}};|}}"|andere }} {{#if:andere left|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:|0|0 .25em}};"|
Application Controller | Business Delegate | Data Access Object | Dependency Injection | Extension Interface | Fluent Interface | Inversion of Control (IoC) | Lock | Model View Controller (MVC) | Model View Presenter (MVP) | Model View Update (MVU) | Model View ViewModel (MVVM) | Page Controller | Registry | Remote Facade | Repository | Service Locator | Session State | Table Module | Template View | Threadpool | Transaction Script | Transform View | Two-Step View | Value Object }}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}
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}}{{#if: Siehe auch: Analysemuster | Architekturmuster | Integrationsmuster | SOA-Muster |