Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist

Vorlage:Infobox Politische Partei

Die Türkiye Komünist Partisi-Marksist Leninist (TKP-ML, {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|full|CODE=tr|SCRIPTING=Latn|SERVICE=türkisch}}) ist eine marxistisch-leninistisch-maoistische, in der Türkei verbotene,<ref>TKP/ML: Verfassungsschutz BW</ref> Partei, die 1972 von İbrahim Kaypakkaya in der Türkei gegründet wurde.

Seit 1974 ist sie auch in Deutschland vertreten. Ziel der TKP-ML und ihrer Splittergruppen ist ein bewaffneter revolutionärer Umsturz der türkischen Regierung und die Schaffung eines demokratischen Volksstaats unter Führung des Proletariats.

Seit 2007 wird sie von der Republik Türkei als Terrororganisation aufgelistet.<ref name="FrankNordhausen" />

Geschichte

Seit ihrer Gründung hat sich die Partei mehrfach gespalten. Ursprünglich firmierte sie unter der Bezeichnung Kommunistische Partei der Türkei/Marxisten-Leninisten (TKP/M-L) (mit Bindestrich). Im Jahr 1994 entstanden aus der TKP/ML zwei konkurrierende Fraktionen, Partizan und Maoistische Kommunistische Partei (MKP, Maoist Komünist Partisi) (bis 2002: Ostanatolisches Gebietskomitee (DABK)) genannt, die beide die gleiche Ideologie verfolgen. Um ihre Ziele umzusetzen, unterhalten beide Fraktionen bewaffnete Guerilla-Gruppen in der Türkei, die TKP/ML die Arbeiter- und Bauern-Befreiungsarmee der Türkei (Türkiye İşçi Köylü Kurtuluş Ordusu, TİKKO) und die MKP die Volksbefreiungsarmee (Halk Kurtuluş Ordusu, HKO).

Daneben besteht derzeit noch die 1987 als Abspaltung der TKP/ML entstandene kleine Kommunistische Partei der Türkei/Marxisten Leninisten (Maoistische Partei-Zentrale) (Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (Maoist Parti Merkezi)), welche der Revolutionären Internationalistischen Bewegung angehört.

Die deutschen Gruppierungen der TKP/ML werden vom Verfassungsschutz beobachtet. Dieser schätzt die Zahl der Anhänger beider Gruppierungen in Deutschland auf insgesamt 1.300 (Stand 2016). Laut Verfassungsschutz unterhielten verschiedene maoistische Gruppierungen aus der Türkei Tarnorganisationen in Deutschland, die hauptsächlich der Spendensammlung dienten. Der TKP/ML (Partizan) wird beispielsweise ATIK zugeordnet, während die ADHK (Konföderation für Demokratische Rechte in Europa) als verlängerter Arm der MKP gilt. Die deutsche Bundesregierung schätzt TKP/ML als linksextremistische terroristische Vereinigung ein.<ref>[https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/{{#switch:1 | 0 ={{#expr: 18 mod 10 }} | 1 ={{#expr: (18/ 10) mod 10 }} | 2 ={{#expr: (18/ 100) mod 10 }} | 3 ={{#expr: (18/ 1000) mod 10 }} | 4 ={{#expr: (18/ 10000) mod 10 }} | 5 ={{#expr: (18/ 100000) mod 10 }} | 6 ={{#expr: (18/ 1000000) mod 10 }} | 7 ={{#expr: (18/ 10000000) mod 10 }} | 8 ={{#expr: (18/ 100000000) mod 10 }} | 9 ={{#expr: (18/ 1000000000) mod 10 }} | 10 ={{#expr: (18/ 10000000000) mod 10 }} | 11 ={{#expr: (18/ 100000000000) mod 10 }} | 12 ={{#expr: (18/ 1000000000000) mod 10 }} | 13 ={{#expr: (18/ 10000000000000) mod 10 }} | 14 ={{#expr: (18/ 100000000000000) mod 10 }} | 15 ={{#expr: (18/ 1000000000000000) mod 10 }} | 16 ={{#expr: (18/ 10000000000000000) mod 10 }} | 17 ={{#expr: (18/ 100000000000000000) mod 10 }} | 18 ={{#expr: (18/ 1000000000000000000) mod 10 }} | #default= 0 }}{{#switch:0 | 0 ={{#expr: 18 mod 10 }} | 1 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Im Juli 2020 verurteilte das Oberlandesgericht München zehn Mitglieder der TKP/ML wegen Mitgliedschaft in einer terroristischen Vereinigung im Ausland zu mehrjährigen Haftstrafen.<ref>Oberlandesgericht München Haftstrafen für türkische Kommunisten, auf tagesschau.de</ref> Das Urteil wurde von Unterstützern kritisiert, da „sich die Anklage auf Ermittlungen aus der Türkei stütze“.

Beziehungen zur PKK und weiteren

Laut türkischen Medien beging der militante Flügel der TKP/ML „Türkische Arbeiter- und Bauernbefreiungsarmee“ (TİKKO) mit der militanten Arbeiterpartei Kurdistans (PKK) gemeinsam seit 2007 mehrere Anschläge. Unter anderem betreibe sie gemeinsam mit der militanten PKK ein militärisches Ausbildungslager im Irak.<ref name="FrankNordhausen">siehe Frank Nordhausen, TKP/ML – Kommunisten mit Nähe zur PKK (Weblink)</ref><ref>Beherbergt Deutschland tatsächlich PKK-Extremisten? Handelsblatt.com, 16. November 2016.</ref>

Laut Selbstauskunft der TKP/ML unterhält sie seit März 2016 zur militanten PKK und weiteren acht linksextremistischen Gruppierungen einen Zusammenschluss zur „Vereinten Revolutionären Volksbewegung“, um bewaffnet gegen die AKP-Regierung der Republik Türkei vorzugehen.<ref name="FrankNordhausen" />

Operationsgebiet und Zulauf

Das geografische Hauptoperationsgebiet der TKP/ML befindet sich im ostanatolischen Provinz Tunceli, welch die Region meistens von der religiösen Minderheit der Aleviten, dezidierter Ostaleviten,<ref>{{#if:2016-06-05|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|Vorlage:FormatDate/Wartung/Error}}| |}}}}{{#if:Mehmet Ali Öztoprak|Mehmet Ali Öztoprak: }}{{#if:https://web.archive.org/web/20160605122451/http://www.alevi-bochum.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=130%7C{{#if:Wer sind wir? Ein Resümee zum Seminar in Bochum|[{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivURL|1={{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605122451/http://www.alevi-bochum.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=130}}}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel=Wer sind wir? Ein Resümee zum Seminar in Bochum}}]{{#if:| ({{{format}}})}}{{#if:| {{{titelerg}}}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{{titelerg}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:http://www.alevi-bochum.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=130%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl%7Cfaculty%7C1}}%7C{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle%7CTitelFormat%7Ctitel={{#invoke:WLink%7CgetEscapedTitle%7C1=Wer sind wir? Ein Resümee zum Seminar in Bochum}}}}|[{{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=http://www.alevi-bochum.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=130}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Wer sind wir? Ein Resümee zum Seminar in Bochum}}}}]}}{{#if:| ({{{format}}}{{#if:1Alevitischer Kultur- und Cemhaus Bochum und Umgebung gem. e. V.https://web.archive.org/web/20160605122451/http://www.alevi-bochum.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=130{{#if: 2018-08-11 | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|1}}||1}}}}

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}}}} {{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all= url= titel= |opt= autor= hrsg= format= sprache= titelerg= werk= seiten= datum= abruf= zugriff= abruf-verborgen= archiv-url= archiv-datum= archiv-bot= kommentar= zitat= AT= CH= offline= |cat= {{#ifeq: 0 | 0 | Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Internetquelle}} |template= Vorlage:Internetquelle |format=0 |preview=1 }}</ref> besiedelt ist.<ref name="FrankNordhausen" />

Die TKP/ML hat einen besonderen Zulauf für ihre Organisation von jungen Menschen aus alevitischen und kurdischen Wohnvierteln der türkischen Großstädte Ankara und Istanbul.<ref name="FrankNordhausen" /><ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}</ref>

Literatur

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{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}

Weblinks

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Vorlage:Wikidata-Registrierung

kaypakkaya partizan
Frank Nordhausen: TKP/ML – Kommunisten mit Nähe zur PKK In: Frankfurter Rundschau. 13. Januar 2017.
„Kommunistische Partei der Türkei/Marxisten-Leninisten“ (TKP/ML). Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz Baden-Württemberg (LfV), 2018.

Einzelnachweise

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right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:neutral|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 23|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: |2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:{{{Kopfbreite}}};|}}"|' }} {{#if: | {{#if:||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:neutral|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 24|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: |2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:{{{Kopfbreite}}};|}}"|' }} {{#if: | {{#if:||class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:|background:#;|{{#switch:neutral|eigen=background:#{{#if:||E6E6FF}};|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 25|1|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: |2|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:|width:{{{Kopfbreite}}};|}}"|' }} {{#if: | 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Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP) \| Elektronik Demokrasi Partisi (EDP) \| Emek Partisi (EMEP) \| Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi (ESP) \| Gelecek Partisi (GP) \| Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (HEPAR) \| Halkın Yükselişi Partisi (HYP) \| Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) \| Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par) \| Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi (KADEP) \| Liberaldemokratische Partei (LDP) \| Merkez Parti \| Millet ve Adalet Partisi (MİLAD) \| Saadet Partisi (SAADET) \| Sozialistische Partei Kurdistans (PSK-T) \| Türkiye Değişim Partisi (TDP) \| Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi (TDKP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (TKP-ML) \| Yeşiller 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Özgürlükler Partisi (HAK-PA) \| Adalet Birlik Partisi (ABP) \| Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi (HKP) \| Güç Birliği Partisi (GBP) \| Türkiye Komünist Hareketi (TKH) \| Milli Yol Partisi (MYP) \| Yenilik Partisi (YP) Andere Parteien: Bağımsız Türkiye Partisi (BTP) \| Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi (DEVA) \| Demokrat Parti (DP) \| Demokratik Bölgeler Partisi (DBP) \| Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP) \| Elektronik Demokrasi Partisi (EDP) \| Emek Partisi (EMEP) \| Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi (ESP) \| Gelecek Partisi (GP) \| Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (HEPAR) \| Halkın Yükselişi Partisi (HYP) \| Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) \| Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par) \| Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi (KADEP) \| Liberaldemokratische Partei (LDP) \| Merkez Parti \| Millet ve Adalet Partisi (MİLAD) \| Saadet Partisi (SAADET) \| Sozialistische Partei Kurdistans (PSK-T) \| Türkiye Değişim Partisi (TDP) \| Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi (TDKP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (TKP-ML) \| Yeşiller Partisi\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:{{{Inhalt12}}}\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}}}px}}{{#if: {{{Bild-links-Beschreibung}}} \| \| {{{Bild-links-Beschreibung}}} \|alt={{{Bild-links-Beschreibung}}} }}]] }} {{#if: Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) \| Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) \| Halkların Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi (DEM) \| Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP) \| İyi Parti (İYİ) \| Yeniden Refah Partisi (YRP) \| Türkiye İşçi Partisi (TİP) \| {{#if:Parteien in der Großen Nationalversammlung (Wahl 2023)\|\|class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;{{#if:\|background:#;\|{{#switch:neutral\|eigen=background:#{{#if:\|\|E6E6FF}};\|einheitlich=background:;}}}}border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: {{#if: 1\|1\|2}}px solid #FFF;border-bottom: {{#if: Andere Parteien\|2\|1}}px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;{{#if:\|width:{{{Kopfbreite}}};\|}}"\|Parteien in der Großen Nationalversammlung (Wahl 2023) }}	{{#if:Parteien in der Großen Nationalversammlung (Wahl 2023)	colspan="2"}} class="hlist" style="text-align: {{#if:Parteien in der Großen Nationalversammlung (Wahl 2023)\|left\|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:\|0\|0 .25em}};"\| Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) \| Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) \| Halkların Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi (DEM) \| Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP) \| İyi Parti (İYİ) \| Yeniden Refah Partisi (YRP) \| Türkiye İşçi Partisi (TİP) }} {{#if: \|	class="erw-nav-bild" style="width:0; padding:0 2px 0 0; border:1px solid transparent; " 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\| Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi (ESP) \| Gelecek Partisi (GP) \| Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (HEPAR) \| Halkın Yükselişi Partisi (HYP) \| Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) \| Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par) \| Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi (KADEP) \| Liberaldemokratische Partei (LDP) \| Merkez Parti \| Millet ve Adalet Partisi (MİLAD) \| Saadet Partisi (SAADET) \| Sozialistische Partei Kurdistans (PSK-T) \| Türkiye Değişim Partisi (TDP) \| Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi (TDKP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (TKP-ML) \| Yeşiller Partisi\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}}}" \| {{{BILD}}} }}{{#if: \|	class="erw-nav-bild" style="width:0; padding:0 2px 0 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Partisi (EDP) \| Emek Partisi (EMEP) \| Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi (ESP) \| Gelecek Partisi (GP) \| Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (HEPAR) \| Halkın Yükselişi Partisi (HYP) \| Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) \| Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par) \| Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi (KADEP) \| Liberaldemokratische Partei (LDP) \| Merkez Parti \| Millet ve Adalet Partisi (MİLAD) \| Saadet Partisi (SAADET) \| Sozialistische Partei Kurdistans (PSK-T) \| Türkiye Değişim Partisi (TDP) \| Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi (TDKP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (TKP-ML) \| Yeşiller Partisi\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}{{#if:\|+1}}}}" \| [[Datei:{{{Bild}}}\|{{#if: \| {{{Bild-px}}} \| 200x{{#expr: 0{{#if:Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) \| Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) \| Halkların Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi (DEM) \| Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP) \| İyi Parti (İYİ) \| Yeniden Refah Partisi (YRP) \| Türkiye İşçi Partisi (TİP)\|+11}}{{#if:Parteien, die an der Wahl 2023 teilnahmen: Zafer Partisi (ZP) \| Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP) \| Memleket Partisi (MP) \| Genç Parti (GP) \| Adalet Partisi (AP) \| Sol Parti (SOL) \| Anavatan Partisi (ANAP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi (TKP) \| Vatan Partisi \| Millet Partisi (MP) \| Hak ve Özgürlükler Partisi (HAK-PA) \| Adalet Birlik Partisi (ABP) \| Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi (HKP) \| Güç Birliği Partisi (GBP) \| Türkiye Komünist Hareketi (TKH) \| Milli Yol Partisi (MYP) \| Yenilik Partisi (YP) Andere Parteien: Bağımsız Türkiye Partisi (BTP) \| Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi (DEVA) \| Demokrat Parti (DP) \| Demokratik Bölgeler Partisi (DBP) \| Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP) \| Elektronik Demokrasi Partisi (EDP) \| Emek Partisi (EMEP) \| Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi (ESP) \| Gelecek Partisi (GP) \| Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (HEPAR) \| Halkın Yükselişi Partisi (HYP) \| Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) \| Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par) \| Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi (KADEP) \| Liberaldemokratische Partei (LDP) \| Merkez Parti \| Millet ve Adalet Partisi (MİLAD) \| Saadet Partisi (SAADET) \| Sozialistische Partei Kurdistans (PSK-T) \| Türkiye Değişim Partisi (TDP) \| Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi (TDKP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (TKP-ML) \| Yeşiller Partisi\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:{{{Inhalt12}}}\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}}}px}}{{#if: \| \| {{{Bild-Beschreibung}}} \|alt={{{Bild-Beschreibung}}} }}]] }}
{{#if:Andere Parteien	left\|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:\|0\|0 .25em}};"\| Parteien, die an der Wahl 2023 teilnahmen: Zafer Partisi (ZP) \| Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP) \| Memleket Partisi (MP) \| Genç Parti (GP) \| Adalet Partisi (AP) \| Sol Parti (SOL) \| Anavatan Partisi (ANAP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi (TKP) \| Vatan Partisi \| Millet Partisi (MP) \| Hak ve Özgürlükler Partisi (HAK-PA) \| Adalet Birlik Partisi (ABP) \| Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi (HKP) \| Güç Birliği Partisi (GBP) \| Türkiye Komünist Hareketi (TKH) \| Milli Yol Partisi (MYP) \| Yenilik Partisi (YP) Andere Parteien: Bağımsız Türkiye Partisi (BTP) \| Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi (DEVA) \| Demokrat Parti (DP) \| Demokratik Bölgeler Partisi (DBP) \| Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP) \| Elektronik Demokrasi Partisi (EDP) \| Emek Partisi (EMEP) \| Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi (ESP) \| Gelecek Partisi (GP) \| Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (HEPAR) \| Halkın Yükselişi Partisi (HYP) \| Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) \| Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par) \| Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi (KADEP) \| Liberaldemokratische Partei (LDP) \| Merkez Parti \| Millet ve Adalet Partisi (MİLAD) \| Saadet Partisi (SAADET) \| Sozialistische Partei Kurdistans (PSK-T) \| Türkiye Değişim Partisi (TDP) \| Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi (TDKP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (TKP-ML) \| Yeşiller Partisi }}
{{#if:	left\|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:\|0\|0 .25em}};"\| }}
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}}Vorlage:Klappleiste/Ende

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Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP) \| Elektronik Demokrasi Partisi (EDP) \| Emek Partisi (EMEP) \| Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi (ESP) \| Gelecek Partisi (GP) \| Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (HEPAR) \| Halkın Yükselişi Partisi (HYP) \| Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) \| Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par) \| Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi (KADEP) \| Liberaldemokratische Partei (LDP) \| Merkez Parti \| Millet ve Adalet Partisi (MİLAD) \| Saadet Partisi (SAADET) \| Sozialistische Partei Kurdistans (PSK-T) \| Türkiye Değişim Partisi (TDP) \| Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi (TDKP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (TKP-ML) \| Yeşiller 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Partisi (EMEP) \| Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi (ESP) \| Gelecek Partisi (GP) \| Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (HEPAR) \| Halkın Yükselişi Partisi (HYP) \| Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) \| Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par) \| Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi (KADEP) \| Liberaldemokratische Partei (LDP) \| Merkez Parti \| Millet ve Adalet Partisi (MİLAD) \| Saadet Partisi (SAADET) \| Sozialistische Partei Kurdistans (PSK-T) \| Türkiye Değişim Partisi (TDP) \| Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi (TDKP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (TKP-ML) \| Yeşiller Partisi\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:{{{Inhalt12}}}\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+11}}{{#if:\|+16}}}}px}}{{#if: \| \| {{{Bild-Beschreibung}}} \|alt={{{Bild-Beschreibung}}} }}]] }}
{{#if:Andere Parteien	left\|center}};border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: {{#if:\|0\|0 .25em}};"\| Parteien, die an der Wahl 2023 teilnahmen: Zafer Partisi (ZP) \| Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP) \| Memleket Partisi (MP) \| Genç Parti (GP) \| Adalet Partisi (AP) \| Sol Parti (SOL) \| Anavatan Partisi (ANAP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi (TKP) \| Vatan Partisi \| Millet Partisi (MP) \| Hak ve Özgürlükler Partisi (HAK-PA) \| Adalet Birlik Partisi (ABP) \| Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi (HKP) \| Güç Birliği Partisi (GBP) \| Türkiye Komünist Hareketi (TKH) \| Milli Yol Partisi (MYP) \| Yenilik Partisi (YP) Andere Parteien: Bağımsız Türkiye Partisi (BTP) \| Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi (DEVA) \| Demokrat Parti (DP) \| Demokratik Bölgeler Partisi (DBP) \| Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP) \| Elektronik Demokrasi Partisi (EDP) \| Emek Partisi (EMEP) \| Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi (ESP) \| Gelecek Partisi (GP) \| Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (HEPAR) \| Halkın Yükselişi Partisi (HYP) \| Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) \| Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par) \| Katılımcı Demokrasi Partisi (KADEP) \| Liberaldemokratische Partei (LDP) \| Merkez Parti \| Millet ve Adalet Partisi (MİLAD) \| Saadet Partisi (SAADET) \| Sozialistische Partei Kurdistans (PSK-T) \| Türkiye Değişim Partisi (TDP) \| Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi (TDKP) \| Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (TKP-ML) \| Yeşiller Partisi }}
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