Back Bay (Boston)

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{{#if:Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay (Boston)}}
National Register of Historic Places
color		{{#switch:hd	nrhp = #A8EDEF	nhl = SkyBlue	formernhld	formerhd	formernmon	formernhs	formernmem	formernhp	formernb	formernmp	formernbp	formernbs	formernhr	formerihs	formercp	formernhl = #DDD	nhld = #79CDCD	hd = Lavender	nmon = PapayaWhip	nhs = CadetBlue	nmem = #CCC	nhp = #CCF	nb = #FFE6B0	nmp = DarkSalmon	nbp = #E6E6AA	nbs = #FFE8E8	nhr = LightSalmon	ihs = #FFE153	cp = #CCFFCC	#default = White }} }}{{#ifeq:color|text	{{#switch:hd	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	nhl = National Historic Landmark	formernhl = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark	nhld = National Historic Landmark District	formernhld = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District	hd = Historic District	formerhd = Ehemaliger Historic District	nmon = National Monument	formernmon = Ehemaliges National Monument	nhs = National Historic Site	formernhs = Ehemalige National Historic Site	nmem = National Memorial	formernmem = Ehemaliges National Memorial	nhp = National Historical Park	formernhp = Ehemaliger National Historical Park	nb = National Battlefield	formernb = Ehemaliges National Battlefield	nmp = National Military Park	formernmp = Ehemaliger National Military Park	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbp = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernbs = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formernhr = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve	ihs = International Historic Site	formerihs = Ehemalige International Historic Site	cp = Historic District Contributing Property	formercp = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property	#default = hd }} }}{{#ifeq:color|link	{{#switch:hd	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	formernhl	nhl	formernhld	nhld = National Historic Landmark	formerhd	hd = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)	formernmon	nmon = National Monument	formernhs	nhs = National Historic Site	formernmem	nmem = National Memorial	formernhp	nhp = National Historical Park	formernb	nb = National Battlefield	formernmp	nmp = National Military Park	formernbp	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbs	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernhr	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formerihs	ihs = International Historic Site	formercp	cp = Contributing Property	#default = hd }} }}{{#ifeq:color|abbr	{{#switch:hd	formernhl = NHL	formernhld = NHLD	formerhd = HD	formernmon = NMON	formernhs = NHS	formernmem = NMEM	formernhp = NHP	formernb = NB	formernmp = NMP	formernbp = NBP	formernbs = NBS	formernhr = NHR	formerihs = IHS	formercp = CP	#default = HD }} }}; color:#202122;" | {{#ifeq:text|color	{{#switch:hd	nrhp = #A8EDEF	nhl = SkyBlue	formernhld	formerhd	formernmon	formernhs	formernmem	formernhp	formernb	formernmp	formernbp	formernbs	formernhr	formerihs	formercp	formernhl = #DDD	nhld = #79CDCD	hd = Lavender	nmon = PapayaWhip	nhs = CadetBlue	nmem = #CCC	nhp = #CCF	nb = #FFE6B0	nmp = DarkSalmon	nbp = #E6E6AA	nbs = #FFE8E8	nhr = LightSalmon	ihs = #FFE153	cp = #CCFFCC	#default = White }} }}{{#ifeq:text|text	{{#switch:hd	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	nhl = National Historic Landmark	formernhl = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark	nhld = National Historic Landmark District	formernhld = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District	hd = Historic District	formerhd = Ehemaliger Historic District	nmon = National Monument	formernmon = Ehemaliges National Monument	nhs = National Historic Site	formernhs = Ehemalige National Historic Site	nmem = National Memorial	formernmem = Ehemaliges National Memorial	nhp = National Historical Park	formernhp = Ehemaliger National Historical Park	nb = National Battlefield	formernb = Ehemaliges National Battlefield	nmp = National Military Park	formernmp = Ehemaliger National Military Park	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbp = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernbs = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formernhr = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve	ihs = International Historic Site	formerihs = Ehemalige International Historic Site	cp = Historic District Contributing Property	formercp = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property	#default = hd }} }}{{#ifeq:text|link	{{#switch:hd	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	formernhl	nhl	formernhld	nhld = National Historic Landmark	formerhd	hd = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)	formernmon	nmon = National Monument	formernhs	nhs = National Historic Site	formernmem	nmem = National Memorial	formernhp	nhp = National Historical Park	formernb	nb = National Battlefield	formernmp	nmp = National Military Park	formernbp	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbs	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernhr	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formerihs	ihs = International Historic Site	formercp	cp = Contributing Property	#default = hd }} }}{{#ifeq:text|abbr	{{#switch:hd	formernhl = NHL	formernhld = NHLD	formerhd = HD	formernmon = NMON	formernhs = NHS	formernmem = NMEM	formernhp = NHP	formernb = NB	formernmp = NMP	formernbp = NBP	formernbs = NBS	formernhr = NHR	formerihs = IHS	formercp = CP	#default = HD }} }} }} {{#if:|
color		{{#switch:	nrhp = #A8EDEF	nhl = SkyBlue	formernhld	formerhd	formernmon	formernhs	formernmem	formernhp	formernb	formernmp	formernbp	formernbs	formernhr	formerihs	formercp	formernhl = #DDD	nhld = #79CDCD	hd = Lavender	nmon = PapayaWhip	nhs = CadetBlue	nmem = #CCC	nhp = #CCF	nb = #FFE6B0	nmp = DarkSalmon	nbp = #E6E6AA	nbs = #FFE8E8	nhr = LightSalmon	ihs = #FFE153	cp = #CCFFCC	#default = White }} }}{{#ifeq:color|text	{{#switch:	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	nhl = National Historic Landmark	formernhl = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark	nhld = National Historic Landmark District	formernhld = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District	hd = Historic District	formerhd = Ehemaliger Historic District	nmon = National Monument	formernmon = Ehemaliges National Monument	nhs = National Historic Site	formernhs = Ehemalige National Historic Site	nmem = National Memorial	formernmem = Ehemaliges National Memorial	nhp = National Historical Park	formernhp = Ehemaliger National Historical Park	nb = National Battlefield	formernb = Ehemaliges National Battlefield	nmp = National Military Park	formernmp = Ehemaliger National Military Park	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbp = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernbs = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formernhr = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve	ihs = International Historic Site	formerihs = Ehemalige International Historic Site	cp = Historic District Contributing Property	formercp = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property	#default = }} }}{{#ifeq:color|link	{{#switch:	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	formernhl	nhl	formernhld	nhld = National Historic Landmark	formerhd	hd = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)	formernmon	nmon = National Monument	formernhs	nhs = National Historic Site	formernmem	nmem = National Memorial	formernhp	nhp = National Historical Park	formernb	nb = National Battlefield	formernmp	nmp = National Military Park	formernbp	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbs	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernhr	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formerihs	ihs = International Historic Site	formercp	cp = Contributing Property	#default = }} }}{{#ifeq:color|abbr	{{#switch:	formernhl = NHL	formernhld = NHLD	formerhd = HD	formernmon = NMON	formernhs = NHS	formernmem = NMEM	formernhp = NHP	formernb = NB	formernmp = NMP	formernbp = NBP	formernbs = NBS	formernhr = NHR	formerihs = IHS	formercp = CP	#default = }} }}; color:#202122;" | {{#ifeq:text|color	{{#switch:	nrhp = #A8EDEF	nhl = SkyBlue	formernhld	formerhd	formernmon	formernhs	formernmem	formernhp	formernb	formernmp	formernbp	formernbs	formernhr	formerihs	formercp	formernhl = #DDD	nhld = #79CDCD	hd = Lavender	nmon = PapayaWhip	nhs = CadetBlue	nmem = #CCC	nhp = #CCF	nb = #FFE6B0	nmp = DarkSalmon	nbp = #E6E6AA	nbs = #FFE8E8	nhr = LightSalmon	ihs = #FFE153	cp = #CCFFCC	#default = White }} }}{{#ifeq:text|text	{{#switch:	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	nhl = National Historic Landmark	formernhl = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark	nhld = National Historic Landmark District	formernhld = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District	hd = Historic District	formerhd = Ehemaliger Historic District	nmon = National Monument	formernmon = Ehemaliges National Monument	nhs = National Historic Site	formernhs = Ehemalige National Historic Site	nmem = National Memorial	formernmem = Ehemaliges National Memorial	nhp = National Historical Park	formernhp = Ehemaliger National Historical Park	nb = National Battlefield	formernb = Ehemaliges National Battlefield	nmp = National Military Park	formernmp = Ehemaliger National Military Park	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbp = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernbs = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formernhr = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve	ihs = International Historic Site	formerihs = Ehemalige International Historic Site	cp = Historic District Contributing Property	formercp = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property	#default = }} }}{{#ifeq:text|link	{{#switch:	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	formernhl	nhl	formernhld	nhld = National Historic Landmark	formerhd	hd = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)	formernmon	nmon = National Monument	formernhs	nhs = National Historic Site	formernmem	nmem = National Memorial	formernhp	nhp = National Historical Park	formernb	nb = National Battlefield	formernmp	nmp = National Military Park	formernbp	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbs	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernhr	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formerihs	ihs = International Historic Site	formercp	cp = Contributing Property	#default = }} }}{{#ifeq:text|abbr	{{#switch:	formernhl = NHL	formernhld = NHLD	formerhd = HD	formernmon = NMON	formernhs = NHS	formernmem = NMEM	formernhp = NHP	formernb = NB	formernmp = NMP	formernbp = NBP	formernbs = NBS	formernhr = NHR	formerihs = IHS	formercp = CP	#default = }} }} }} {{#if: Boston skyline from Longfellow Bridge September 2017 panorama 2.jpg|
Back Bay vom Charles River aus gesehen Back Bay vom Charles River aus gesehen {{#if: Back Bay vom Charles River aus gesehen|Back Bay vom Charles River aus gesehen }} }}
[[Datei:{{#if: | | {{Positionskarte {{#if:|| {{#if:{{#if:US-MA|{{#switch:{{#switch: level continent = Nordamerika level = 1 maxlevel = 1 acronym = MA top = US upper = US admname = Massachusetts admtype = Bundesstaat lemma = Massachusetts 0 = Vereinigte Staaten 1 = Massachusetts 2 = map = USA Massachusetts flag = Flag of Massachusetts.svg }} 1|2={{#switch: {{#switch:map name={{#switch: level continent = nordamerika level = 1 maxlevel = 1 acronym = ma top = us upper = us admname = massachusetts admtype = bundesstaat lemma = massachusetts 0 = vereinigte staaten 1 = massachusetts 2 = map = usa massachusetts flag = flag of massachusetts.svg }} adm2nd=2 adm1st=1 country=0 #default=map }} continent = Nordamerika level = 1 maxlevel = 1 acronym = MA top = US upper = US admname = Massachusetts admtype = Bundesstaat lemma = Massachusetts 0 = Vereinigte Staaten 1 = Massachusetts 2 = map = USA Massachusetts flag = Flag of Massachusetts.svg }} #default={{#switch: map continent = level = maxlevel = acronym = top = ?? upper = admtype = admtypelink = admname = lemma = 0 = 1 = 2 = map = Erde flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}|{{#if:US-MA|{{#switch:{{#switch: level continent = Nordamerika level = 1 maxlevel = 1 acronym = MA top = US upper = US admname = Massachusetts admtype = Bundesstaat lemma = Massachusetts 0 = Vereinigte Staaten 1 = Massachusetts 2 = map = USA Massachusetts flag = Flag of Massachusetts.svg }} 1|2={{#switch: {{#switch:map name={{#switch: level continent = nordamerika level = 1 maxlevel = 1 acronym = ma top = us upper = us admname = massachusetts admtype = bundesstaat lemma = massachusetts 0 = vereinigte staaten 1 = massachusetts 2 = map = usa massachusetts flag = flag of massachusetts.svg }} adm2nd=2 adm1st=1 country=0 #default=map }} continent = Nordamerika level = 1 maxlevel = 1 acronym = MA top = US upper = US admname = Massachusetts admtype = Bundesstaat lemma = Massachusetts 0 = Vereinigte Staaten 1 = Massachusetts 2 = map = USA Massachusetts flag = Flag of 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}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} |}} {{#if: | | }} |2={{#if: | | }} |3= ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} |falscher Wert ›{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} ‹|kein Wert}} in type-Parameter {{#if: | | }} |5= ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}} ||O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N | R+ = abs | R- = -abs | Z = trunc | Z+ | N = abs trunc | Z- = -abs trunc}}(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) = (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} |, 2:{{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}} ||O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N | R+ = abs | R- = -abs | Z = trunc | Z+ | N = abs trunc | Z- = -abs trunc}}(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) = (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} }}{{#if:|, 3:}}{{#if:|, 4:}} {{#if:|usw.}} {{#if: | | }} |6={{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} || |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }}  :}} region-Parameter fehlt6 {{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} |in Positionskarte.}} }}{{#if: | | }} |7={{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} |{{#if: | | }} |{{#if: | |7 }} }} |8={{#if: | | }} |9={{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | 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|{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} |falscher Wert ›{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} ‹|kein Wert}} in type-Parameter {{#if: | | }} |5= ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}} ||O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N | R+ = abs | R- = -abs | Z = trunc | Z+ | N = abs trunc | Z- = -abs trunc}}(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) = (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} |, 2:{{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}} ||O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N | R+ = abs | R- = -abs | Z = trunc | Z+ | N = abs trunc | Z- = -abs trunc}}(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) = (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:71/4/49.28/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:71/4/49.28/W |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} }}{{#if:|, 3:}}{{#if:|, 4:}} {{#if:|usw.}} {{#if: | | }} |6={{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} || |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }}  :}} region-Parameter fehlt6 {{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 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|1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:42/21/4.66/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} |{{#if: | | }} |{{#if: | |9 }} }} |#default={{#if: | | }} }}|}}{{#if:US-MA||{{#switch:||earth={{#switch:6 |1={{#if: | | }} |2={{#if: | | }} |3={{#if: | | }} |5={{#if: | | }} |6={{#if:{{#if:{{#if:Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay (Boston)}}|{{#if:Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay (Boston)}}|{{#if:||Back Bay (Boston)}}}} ||}}{{#if: | | }} |7={{#if:{{#if:{{#if:Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay (Boston)}}|{{#if:Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay (Boston)}}|{{#if:||Back Bay (Boston)}}}} |{{#if: | | }} |{{#if: | |7 }} }} |8={{#if: | | }} |9={{#if:{{#if:{{#if:Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay (Boston)}}|{{#if:Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay Historic District|Back Bay (Boston)}}|{{#if:||Back Bay (Boston)}}}} |{{#if: | | }} |{{#if: | |9 }} }} |#default={{#if: | | }} }}}} }}{{#if:{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N | R+ = abs | R- = -abs | Z = trunc | Z+ | N = abs trunc | Z- = -abs trunc}}(0) = (0) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}||{{#switch:9 |1={{#if: | | }} |2={{#if: | | }} |3={{#if: | | }} |5={{#if: | | }} |6={{#if:||}}{{#if: | | }} 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-180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}}|}} | | {{#if:| ohne|keine}} Koordinaten }} }}{{#if:|{{{places}}}}}Vorlage:Karte in einer Ecke

}}

}} |- | Lage | Boston, Massachusetts |- {{#if:||

  | style="vertical-align:top" | Koordinaten
  | {{Coordinate{{#ifeq:|y|Simple|Complex}}|NS=42/21/4.66/N|EW=71/4/49.28/W|type=building|region=US-MA|globe=|dim=|elevation=|pop=|lw=|name={{#invoke:Coordinates/kml|kmlTitle|1=Back Bay Historic District}}|article={{#if:||/}}|text=/|sortkey=|tooltip=|tooltipformat=|map=|mapsize=|maplevel=|maptype=|maplabel=|maplayer=|mapcaption=}}{{#if:|{{#switch:5
|1 = 
|2 = {{#switch:0
 |0|6|14=
}}
|3  = {{#switch: {{{type}}}
 |country|state|adm1st|adm2nd|city|isle|airport|mountain|waterbody|forest|landmark=
 |example={{#if:
  | 
  | 
 }}
 |#default= 
}} {{#if: {{{rg}}}
 |
 | 
}} {{#iferror: {{{elevation}}}
 | {{{elevation}}}{{#switch:0
  |0|6|14= 
 }}
 |
}} {{#iferror: {{{pop}}}
 | {{{pop}}}{{#switch:0
  |0|6|14= 
 }}
 |
}}
|5 = 
|8 = {{#switch:0
 |0|6|14= 
}}
|10= überflüssige Parameter
|#default=

}}}} }} |- {{#if: | | Fläche || }} |- {{#if:19. Jahrhundert | | Erbaut || 19. Jahrhundert }} |- {{#if: | | Architekt || }} |- {{#if: | | Baustil || }} |- {{#if: | | Besucherzahl || {{#if: | () }} }} |- {{#if:73001948 | | NRHP-Nummer || 73001948{{#if:||}}}} {{#if:| |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#A8EDEF; color:#202122;" | Daten }} |- | Ins NRHP aufgenommen | 17. August 1973<ref>Eintrag Back Bay Historic District im National Register Information System. National Park Service, abgerufen am 21. Juni 2016</ref> |- {{#if: | | Als NRHP entfernt || {{{Entfernt}}} }} |- {{#if: | | Als [[{{#ifeq:link|color

|{{#switch:hd
 |nrhp        = #A8EDEF
 |nhl         = SkyBlue
 |formernhld
 |formerhd
 |formernmon
 |formernhs
 |formernmem
 |formernhp
 |formernb
 |formernmp
 |formernbp
 |formernbs
 |formernhr
 |formerihs
 |formercp
 |formernhl   = #DDD
 |nhld        = #79CDCD
 |hd          = Lavender
 |nmon        = PapayaWhip
 |nhs         = CadetBlue
 |nmem        = #CCC
 |nhp         = #CCF
 |nb          = #FFE6B0
 |nmp         = DarkSalmon
 |nbp         = #E6E6AA
 |nbs         = #FFE8E8
 |nhr         = LightSalmon
 |ihs         = #FFE153
 |cp          = #CCFFCC
 |#default    = White
}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|text

|{{#switch:hd
 |nrhp        = National Register of Historic Places
 |nhl         = National Historic Landmark
 |formernhl   = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark
 |nhld        = National Historic Landmark District
 |formernhld  = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District
 |hd          = Historic District
 |formerhd    = Ehemaliger Historic District
 |nmon        = National Monument
 |formernmon  = Ehemaliges National Monument
 |nhs         = National Historic Site
 |formernhs   = Ehemalige National Historic Site
 |nmem        = National Memorial
 |formernmem  = Ehemaliges National Memorial
 |nhp         = National Historical Park
 |formernhp   = Ehemaliger National Historical Park
 |nb          = National Battlefield
 |formernb    = Ehemaliges National Battlefield
 |nmp         = National Military Park
 |formernmp   = Ehemaliger National Military Park
 |nbp         = National Battlefield Park
 |formernbp   = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park
 |nbs         = National Battlefield Site
 |formernbs   = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site
 |nhr         = National Historic Reserve
 |formernhr   = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve
 |ihs         = International Historic Site
 |formerihs   = Ehemalige International Historic Site
 |cp          = Historic District Contributing Property
 |formercp    = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property
 |#default    = hd
}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|link

|{{#switch:hd
 |nrhp        = National Register of Historic Places
 |formernhl
 |nhl    
 |formernhld
 |nhld        = National Historic Landmark
 |formerhd
 |hd          = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)
 |formernmon
 |nmon        = National Monument
 |formernhs
 |nhs         = National Historic Site
 |formernmem
 |nmem        = National Memorial
 |formernhp
 |nhp         = National Historical Park
 |formernb
 |nb          = National Battlefield
 |formernmp
 |nmp         = National Military Park
 |formernbp
 |nbp         = National Battlefield Park
 |formernbs
 |nbs         = National Battlefield Site
 |formernhr
 |nhr         = National Historic Reserve
 |formerihs
 |ihs         = International Historic Site
 |formercp
 |cp          = Contributing Property
 |#default    = hd
}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|abbr

|{{#switch:hd
 |formernhl   = NHL
 |formernhld  = NHLD
 |formerhd    = HD
 |formernmon  = NMON
 |formernhs   = NHS
 |formernmem  = NMEM
 |formernhp   = NHP
 |formernb    = NB
 |formernmp   = NMP
 |formernbp   = NBP
 |formernbs   = NBS
 |formernhr   = NHR
 |formerihs   = IHS
 |formercp    = CP
 |#default    = HD
}}

}}|{{#ifeq:abbr|color

|{{#switch:hd
 |nrhp        = #A8EDEF
 |nhl         = SkyBlue
 |formernhld
 |formerhd
 |formernmon
 |formernhs
 |formernmem
 |formernhp
 |formernb
 |formernmp
 |formernbp
 |formernbs
 |formernhr
 |formerihs
 |formercp
 |formernhl   = #DDD
 |nhld        = #79CDCD
 |hd          = Lavender
 |nmon        = PapayaWhip
 |nhs         = CadetBlue
 |nmem        = #CCC
 |nhp         = #CCF
 |nb          = #FFE6B0
 |nmp         = DarkSalmon
 |nbp         = #E6E6AA
 |nbs         = #FFE8E8
 |nhr         = LightSalmon
 |ihs         = #FFE153
 |cp          = #CCFFCC
 |#default    = White
}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|text

|{{#switch:hd
 |nrhp        = National Register of Historic Places
 |nhl         = National Historic Landmark
 |formernhl   = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark
 |nhld        = National Historic Landmark District
 |formernhld  = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District
 |hd          = Historic District
 |formerhd    = Ehemaliger Historic District
 |nmon        = National Monument
 |formernmon  = Ehemaliges National Monument
 |nhs         = National Historic Site
 |formernhs   = Ehemalige National Historic Site
 |nmem        = National Memorial
 |formernmem  = Ehemaliges National Memorial
 |nhp         = National Historical Park
 |formernhp   = Ehemaliger National Historical Park
 |nb          = National Battlefield
 |formernb    = Ehemaliges National Battlefield
 |nmp         = National Military Park
 |formernmp   = Ehemaliger National Military Park
 |nbp         = National Battlefield Park
 |formernbp   = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park
 |nbs         = National Battlefield Site
 |formernbs   = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site
 |nhr         = National Historic Reserve
 |formernhr   = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve
 |ihs         = International Historic Site
 |formerihs   = Ehemalige International Historic Site
 |cp          = Historic District Contributing Property
 |formercp    = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property
 |#default    = hd
}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|link

|{{#switch:hd
 |nrhp        = National Register of Historic Places
 |formernhl
 |nhl    
 |formernhld
 |nhld        = National Historic Landmark
 |formerhd
 |hd          = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)
 |formernmon
 |nmon        = National Monument
 |formernhs
 |nhs         = National Historic Site
 |formernmem
 |nmem        = National Memorial
 |formernhp
 |nhp         = National Historical Park
 |formernb
 |nb          = National Battlefield
 |formernmp
 |nmp         = National Military Park
 |formernbp
 |nbp         = National Battlefield Park
 |formernbs
 |nbs         = National Battlefield Site
 |formernhr
 |nhr         = National Historic Reserve
 |formerihs
 |ihs         = International Historic Site
 |formercp
 |cp          = Contributing Property
 |#default    = hd
}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|abbr

|{{#switch:hd
 |formernhl   = NHL
 |formernhld  = NHLD
 |formerhd    = HD
 |formernmon  = NMON
 |formernhs   = NHS
 |formernmem  = NMEM
 |formernhp   = NHP
 |formernb    = NB
 |formernmp   = NMP
 |formernbp   = NBP
 |formernbs   = NBS
 |formernhr   = NHR
 |formerihs   = IHS
 |formercp    = CP
 |#default    = HD
}}

}}]] deklariert || }} |- {{#if: | | Als [[{{#ifeq:link|color

|{{#switch:
 |nrhp        = #A8EDEF
 |nhl         = SkyBlue
 |formernhld
 |formerhd
 |formernmon
 |formernhs
 |formernmem
 |formernhp
 |formernb
 |formernmp
 |formernbp
 |formernbs
 |formernhr
 |formerihs
 |formercp
 |formernhl   = #DDD
 |nhld        = #79CDCD
 |hd          = Lavender
 |nmon        = PapayaWhip
 |nhs         = CadetBlue
 |nmem        = #CCC
 |nhp         = #CCF
 |nb          = #FFE6B0
 |nmp         = DarkSalmon
 |nbp         = #E6E6AA
 |nbs         = #FFE8E8
 |nhr         = LightSalmon
 |ihs         = #FFE153
 |cp          = #CCFFCC
 |#default    = White
}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|text

|{{#switch:
 |nrhp        = National Register of Historic Places
 |nhl         = National Historic Landmark
 |formernhl   = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark
 |nhld        = National Historic Landmark District
 |formernhld  = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District
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 |formerhd    = Ehemaliger Historic District
 |nmon        = National Monument
 |formernmon  = Ehemaliges National Monument
 |nhs         = National Historic Site
 |formernhs   = Ehemalige National Historic Site
 |nmem        = National Memorial
 |formernmem  = Ehemaliges National Memorial
 |nhp         = National Historical Park
 |formernhp   = Ehemaliger National Historical Park
 |nb          = National Battlefield
 |formernb    = Ehemaliges National Battlefield
 |nmp         = National Military Park
 |formernmp   = Ehemaliger National Military Park
 |nbp         = National Battlefield Park
 |formernbp   = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park
 |nbs         = National Battlefield Site
 |formernbs   = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site
 |nhr         = National Historic Reserve
 |formernhr   = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve
 |ihs         = International Historic Site
 |formerihs   = Ehemalige International Historic Site
 |cp          = Historic District Contributing Property
 |formercp    = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property
 |#default    = 
}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|link

|{{#switch:
 |nrhp        = National Register of Historic Places
 |formernhl
 |nhl    
 |formernhld
 |nhld        = National Historic Landmark
 |formerhd
 |hd          = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)
 |formernmon
 |nmon        = National Monument
 |formernhs
 |nhs         = National Historic Site
 |formernmem
 |nmem        = National Memorial
 |formernhp
 |nhp         = National Historical Park
 |formernb
 |nb          = National Battlefield
 |formernmp
 |nmp         = National Military Park
 |formernbp
 |nbp         = National Battlefield Park
 |formernbs
 |nbs         = National Battlefield Site
 |formernhr
 |nhr         = National Historic Reserve
 |formerihs
 |ihs         = International Historic Site
 |formercp
 |cp          = Contributing Property
 |#default    = 
}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|abbr

|{{#switch:
 |formernhl   = NHL
 |formernhld  = NHLD
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 |formernmon  = NMON
 |formernhs   = NHS
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 |formernmp   = NMP
 |formernbp   = NBP
 |formernbs   = NBS
 |formernhr   = NHR
 |formerihs   = IHS
 |formercp    = CP
 |#default    = 
}}

}}|{{#ifeq:abbr|color

|{{#switch:
 |nrhp        = #A8EDEF
 |nhl         = SkyBlue
 |formernhld
 |formerhd
 |formernmon
 |formernhs
 |formernmem
 |formernhp
 |formernb
 |formernmp
 |formernbp
 |formernbs
 |formernhr
 |formerihs
 |formercp
 |formernhl   = #DDD
 |nhld        = #79CDCD
 |hd          = Lavender
 |nmon        = PapayaWhip
 |nhs         = CadetBlue
 |nmem        = #CCC
 |nhp         = #CCF
 |nb          = #FFE6B0
 |nmp         = DarkSalmon
 |nbp         = #E6E6AA
 |nbs         = #FFE8E8
 |nhr         = LightSalmon
 |ihs         = #FFE153
 |cp          = #CCFFCC
 |#default    = White
}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|text

|{{#switch:
 |nrhp        = National Register of Historic Places
 |nhl         = National Historic Landmark
 |formernhl   = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark
 |nhld        = National Historic Landmark District
 |formernhld  = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District
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 |formernmon  = Ehemaliges National Monument
 |nhs         = National Historic Site
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 |nmem        = National Memorial
 |formernmem  = Ehemaliges National Memorial
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 |nbp         = National Battlefield Park
 |formernbp   = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park
 |nbs         = National Battlefield Site
 |formernbs   = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site
 |nhr         = National Historic Reserve
 |formernhr   = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve
 |ihs         = International Historic Site
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 |cp          = Historic District Contributing Property
 |formercp    = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property
 |#default    = 
}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|link

|{{#switch:
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 |formernhl
 |nhl    
 |formernhld
 |nhld        = National Historic Landmark
 |formerhd
 |hd          = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)
 |formernmon
 |nmon        = National Monument
 |formernhs
 |nhs         = National Historic Site
 |formernmem
 |nmem        = National Memorial
 |formernhp
 |nhp         = National Historical Park
 |formernb
 |nb          = National Battlefield
 |formernmp
 |nmp         = National Military Park
 |formernbp
 |nbp         = National Battlefield Park
 |formernbs
 |nbs         = National Battlefield Site
 |formernhr
 |nhr         = National Historic Reserve
 |formerihs
 |ihs         = International Historic Site
 |formercp
 |cp          = Contributing Property
 |#default    = 
}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|abbr

|{{#switch:
 |formernhl   = NHL
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}}}} {{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all= url= titel= |opt= autor= hrsg= format= sprache= titelerg= werk= seiten= datum= abruf= zugriff= abruf-verborgen= archiv-url= archiv-datum= archiv-bot= kommentar= zitat= AT= CH= offline= |cat= {{#ifeq: 0 | 0 | Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Internetquelle}} |template= Vorlage:Internetquelle |format=0 |preview=1 }}</ref> Der Historic District Back Bay ist berühmt für seine viktorianischen Sandsteinhäuser, die als mit am besten erhaltene Beispiele für das städtebauliche Design des 19. Jahrhunderts in den Vereinigten Staaten gelten. Daneben gibt es im Stadtteil viele weitere Gebäude, die aus architektonischer Sicht sehr interessant sind, ebenso wie wichtige kulturelle Einrichtungen wie die Boston Public Library. Das größte Gebäude der Stadt, das Hynes Convention Center, steht ebenfalls im Stadtteil Back Bay.

Vor den im 19. Jahrhundert durchgeführten Landaufschüttungsmaßnahmen befand sich an der Stelle des heutigen Stadtteils eine tatsächliche Bucht. Heute ist der Stadtteil gemeinsam mit Beacon Hill eine der teuersten Bereiche in ganz Boston.<ref>{{#if:|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:|{{{autor}}}: }}{{#if:|{{#if:Welcome to the Back Bay|[{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivURL|1={{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1={{{archiv-url}}}}}}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel=Welcome to the Back Bay}}]{{#if:| ({{{format}}})}}{{#if:| {{{titelerg}}}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{{titelerg}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:http://www.bostonbackbay.com/%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl%7Cfaculty%7C}}%7C{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle%7CTitelFormat%7Ctitel={{#invoke:WLink%7CgetEscapedTitle%7C1=Welcome to the Back Bay}}}}|[{{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=http://www.bostonbackbay.com/}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Welcome to the Back Bay}}}}]}}{{#if:| ({{{format}}}{{#if:Back Bay Association{{#if: 2012-03-05 | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}}||1}}}}

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Geografie

Ausdehnung des Stadtgebiets

Nach Angaben der Neighborhood Association of the Back Bay verlaufen die Grenzen des Stadtteils wie folgt:<ref>{{#if:2009-02-16|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:|{{{autor}}}: }}{{#if:https://web.archive.org/web/20090216000239/http://www.nabbonline.com/about_us/about_nabb%7C{{#if:About NABB|[{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivURL|1={{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216000239/http://www.nabbonline.com/about_us/about_nabb}}}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel=About NABB}}]{{#if:| ({{{format}}})}}{{#if:| {{{titelerg}}}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{{titelerg}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:https://nabbonline.org/%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl%7Cfaculty%7C0}}%7C{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle%7CTitelFormat%7Ctitel={{#invoke:WLink%7CgetEscapedTitle%7C1=About NABB}}}}|[{{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=https://nabbonline.org/}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=About NABB}}}}]}}{{#if:| ({{{format}}}{{#if:0Neighborhood Association of the Back Bayhttps://web.archive.org/web/20090216000239/http://www.nabbonline.com/about_us/about_nabb{{#if: 2009-02-25 | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}}||1}}}}

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• Norden: Charles River
• Osten: Der Abschnitt von der Arlington Street bis zum Park Square
• Süden: Die Strecke von der Columbus Avenue bis zu den Gleisen der New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad am Copley Place, Huntington Avenue, Dalton Street und Massachusetts Turnpike
• Westen: Charlesgate East

Stadtgliederung

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Geschichte

Datei:Oldandnewboston.jpg

Auswirkungen der Landaufschüttungen auf die Fläche von Boston

Datei:1852 Middlesex Canal (Massachusetts) map.jpg

In dieser Karte aus dem Jahr 1852 ist Back Bay noch Teil des Charles River

Vor der Durchführung von Landgewinnungsprojekten im 19. Jahrhundert war Back Bay eine Bucht im Westen der Shawmut-Halbinsel, an der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Boston Harbor zwischen Boston und Cambridge, in die der Charles River aus westlicher Richtung mündete. Die Bucht unterlag den Gezeiten, so dass der Wasserstand täglich mehrere Fuß schwankte und die Bucht bei Ebbe in eine Sumpflandschaft verwandelte. Bereits vor 5.200 Jahren bauten an dieser Stelle Indianer ihre Fischwehre, deren Überreste im Zuge der Bauarbeiten für die Bostoner U-Bahn im Jahr 1913 entdeckt wurden.

Im Jahr 1814 wurde die Boston and Roxbury Mill Corporation damit beauftragt, einen Staudamm zu errichten, um dadurch einen Mühlenteich abzugrenzen. Der Damm sollte daneben auch als Mautstraße dienen, die Boston mit Watertown unter Umgehung des Boston Neck verband. Nach einigen Jahren des Betriebs begann man schließlich 1857 mit einem groß angelegten Projekt zur Auffüllung des vom Damm eingeschlossenen Bereichs, um neues Bauland zu gewinnen.

Dazu wurden {{#if: {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|1}}|mi|mi}}|6 {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|1}}|mi|mi}} {{#if:1|(|= }}}}{{#if:{{#ifexpr:2<0|1|}}|ca. }}{{#iferror:{{#expr:6*1.609344*0*1.0*2}}|Err|{{#expr:((0,0)*(6)*(6)+(1,609344)*(6)+(0)) round (2)}}}}{{#if:{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|1}}|km|km}}| {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|1}}|km|km}}}}{{#if:1|)}} Schienenwege von Steinbrüchen in Needham bis zur Baustelle verlegt, auf denen Züge mit jeweils 35 Waggons 16 Mal pro Tag pendelten und Schotter sowie weiteres Füllmaterial lieferten. William Dean Howells schrieb über die Bauarbeiten, dass {{

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Die Fertigstellung des Charles River Dam im Jahr 1910 machte aus der Mündung des Charles River einen Süßwassersee. Der Park Charles River Esplanade wurde errichtet, um das verbesserte Potenzial des Flusses zur Naherholung zu nutzen.<ref name="100years">{{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name

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Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten

Straßenverlauf und Bauwerke

Datei:Boston backbay brownstones.jpg

Die das Stadtbild bestimmenden Sandsteinhäuser in der Back Bay

Die Konzeptionierung des Stadtteils wurde von Arthur Gilman erstellt, der für das Unternehmen Gridley James Fox Bryant arbeitete. Er ließ sich dabei durch die von Georges-Eugène Haussmann durchgeführte Renovierung von Paris inspirieren, die breite, parallel verlaufende und mit Bäumen gesäumte Alleen vorsah, wie sie bisher in keinem anderen Stadtteil von Boston zu sehen waren.

Daher gibt es in Back Bay fünf Ost-West Korridore: Beacon Street, Marlborough Street, Commonwealth Avenue, Newbury Street und Boylston Street. Diese werden in regelmäßigen Abständen durch von Nord nach Süd verlaufende Straßen unterbrochen: Arlington (entlang der westlichen Grenze des Boston Public Garden), Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, Exeter, Fairfield, Gloucester und Hereford. Alle außer der Commonwealth Avenue sind Einbahnstraßen.

Einschränkungen wie bspw. Vorgaben in Bezug auf Baugrenzen erzeugten auf den aufgefüllten Flächen der ehemaligen Bucht ein harmonisches Bild von drei- und vierstöckigen Häuserreihen aus Sandstein, die bis heute vorwiegend als Wohnhäuser genutzt werden – allein an der Newbury Street stehen viele kommerziell genutzte Häuser. Der Stadtteil wurde in das National Register of Historic Places aufgenommen und wird als eines der am besten erhaltenen Beispiele für die Stadtarchitektur des 19. Jahrhunderts in den Vereinigten Staaten angesehen.

Im Jahr 1966 wurde die Back Bay Architectural Commission eingesetzt, um Änderungen an den Fassaden der Häuser im Stadtteil zu regulieren und zu kontrollieren, damit {{

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}}}} {{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all= url= titel= |opt= autor= hrsg= format= sprache= titelerg= werk= seiten= datum= abruf= zugriff= abruf-verborgen= archiv-url= archiv-datum= archiv-bot= kommentar= zitat= AT= CH= offline= |cat= {{#ifeq: 0 | 0 | Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Internetquelle}} |template= Vorlage:Internetquelle |format=0 |preview=1 }}</ref><ref>Vorlage:Internetquelle</ref>

Seit den 1960er Jahren beeinflusste das Bostoner Konzept des High Spine im Zusammenspiel mit Bebauungsplänen, die den Bau von Hochhäusern entlang des Massachusetts Turnpike erlaubten, die Entwicklung von Großprojekten in der Stadt.

Copley Square

Am Copley Square stehen neben der Trinity Church die Boston Public Library, der John Hancock Tower und weitere bemerkenswerte Gebäude:

• Das erste monumentale Bauwerk am Copley Square war das ursprüngliche Gebäude des Museum of Fine Arts. Die Bauarbeiten begannen 1870 und das Gebäude eröffnete 1876, wobei ein großer Teil der Ausstellungsstücke aus der Kunstsammlung des Boston Athenæum stammte. Das rote, im Stil des Gothic Revival gehaltene Gebäude wurde jedoch abgerissen und als Fairmont Copley Plaza Hotel im Jahr 1912 neu errichtet.
• Das von McKim, Mead, and White entworfene Gebäude der Boston Public Library (1888–92) ist ein führendes Beispiel der Beaux-Arts-Architektur in den Vereinigten Staaten und sollte ein Vorlage:" sein. Der Baedeker-Reiseführer aus dem Jahr 1893 bezeichnet es als Vorlage:", sowie als einen Vorlage:". Zu dieser Zeit war die Bibliothek mit 600.000 Büchern die größte öffentliche Literatursammlung der Welt.
• Die Old South Church oder auch New Old South Church (1872–1875) befindet sich an der Adresse 645 Boylston Street gleich gegenüber der Boston Public Library. Sie wurde durch das Bostoner Architekturbüro Cummings and Sears im Venetian-Gothic-Stil entworfen, der den Regeln des britischen Sozialphilosophen und Architekturkritikers John Ruskin (1819–1900) folgt, die er in seinem Aufsatz The Stones of Venice beschreibt. Die Old South Church ist ein wichtiges Beispiel für Ruskins Einfluss auf die US-amerikanische Architektur.
• Schließlich ist die Trinity Church zu nennen, die von 1872 bis 1877 gebaut und von Henry Hobson Richardson entworfen wurde.
• Im Zeitablauf gab es in Back Bay bislang insgesamt drei verschiedene Gebäude mit dem Namen Hancock Building:
  • Das erste Gebäude war das 1922 von Parker, Thomas & Rice entworfene Stephen L. Brown Building.
  • Ihm folgte 1947 das von HDB/Cram and Ferguson entworfene The Old John Hancock Building, das bis zum Bau des Prudential Tower das höchste Gebäude in Boston war.
  • Im Jahr 1972 entwarf schließlich I. M. Pei den John Hancock Tower, der mit 60 Stockwerken das höchste Gebäude in ganz Neuengland war. Er besitzt eine dunkelblau reflektierende Glasfassade und einen Grundriss in Form eines schmalen Parallelogramms. Der Architekt Donlyn Lyndon, der von den späten 1960er bis in die frühen 1970er Jahre die Architekturabteilung des MIT leitete, bezeichnete eine frühe Pressemitteilung der Eigentümer des Turms als Vorlage:", in der behauptet wurde, das Gebäude reflektiere den architektonischen Charakter des Stadtteils. Lyndon jedoch war der Ansicht, der Turm sei Vorlage:".<ref name="lyndon" />

Weitere bekannte Gebäude

• Der 52-stöckige Prudential Tower war 1964 eine Perle des Stadtbilds, wird aber heute von einigen Kritikern als Vorlage:" angesehen.<ref name="lyndon">Vorlage:Literatur</ref> Obwohl der Turm selbst nur wenig architektonischen Ruhm erlangte, wurde das Prudential Center im Jahr 2006 mit dem Award for Best Mixed Use Property des Urban Land Institute ausgezeichnet.<ref>Vorlage:Internetquelle</ref> An der Rückseite des Gebäudes befindet sich das Colonnade Hotel aus dem Jahr 1971.
• Das 2002 errichtete, 36-stöckige Gebäude mit dem Namen 111 Huntington Avenue steht auf Platz 8 der höchsten Gebäude in Boston. Es besitzt einen gläsernen Wintergarten auf dem Dach sowie einen 1,2 Acres (4.856 m²) umfassenden Garten und belegte den dritten Platz des Emporis Skyscraper Awards 2002.<ref>Vorlage:Internetquelle</ref>
• Die von Arthur Gilman im Jahr 1861 entworfene Arlington Street Church wurde von der Londoner Kirche St. Martin-in-the-Fields inspiriert und war die erste Kirche, die auf dem aufgefüllten Boden gebaut wurde.
• Das aus dem Jahr 1905 stammende und 1988 restaurierte Berkeley Building von Codman and Despradelle zeichnet sich durch eine weiße Terracotta-Fassade im Stil der Beaux-Arts-Architektur auf einem Stahlgerüst aus.
• Das Gibson House Museum aus dem Jahr 1860 ist noch fast im Originalzustand erhalten.
• Die 1894 errichtete und 1904 erweiterte Kirche The First Church of Christ, Scientist ist der zentrale Bestandteil des Christian Science Plaza.
• Der Saint Clement Eucharistic Shrine wurde 1922 gebaut.
• Die in den Jahren 1865 bis 1867 von Richard M. Upjohn gebaute Church of the Covenant ist eine aus Gesteinskonglomerat bestehende Kirche der Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) im Gothic-Revival-Stil.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur

Datei:Street map of Back Bay.jpg

Die Hauptstraßen in Back Bay

Insbesondere auf der Newbury und Boylston Street, aber auch im Prudential Center und in den Malls am Copley Place gibt es in Back Bay viele Boutiquen und Einkaufsmöglichkeiten. Rund um das Hynes Convention Center gibt es viele Hotels, darunter das Lenox, das Colonnade und das Fairmont.

Verkehr

Am Copley Square sowie an der MBTA-Station Back Bay halten Buslinien des öffentlichen Nah- und Fernverkehrs. Darüber hinaus kann an den Haltestellen Arlington, Copley und Hynes Convention Center die Green Line genutzt werden. Auch die Orange Line hält an der Station Back Bay, von wo auch Amtrak- und Pendlerzüge abfahren.

Bildung

Datei:Boston Back Bay.jpg

Luftbild der Wolkenkratzer des High Spine in Back Bay, darunter das Prudential Center und der John Hancock Tower

In der Vergangenheit war der Stadtteil Back Bay Standort einiger der führenden Einrichtungen in Boston, die jedoch aufgrund von zusätzlichem Platzbedarf mittlerweile umgezogen sind. Andere, kleinere Kultur- und Bildungseinrichtungen bereichern bis heute den Stadtteil.

Die Kunstsammlung des Museum of Fine Arts, Boston befand sich von 1876 bis 1909 am Copley Square, bevor sie in ihre heutigen, weitaus größeren Räume im Stadtteil Fenway–Kenmore gebracht wurde.

Der heutige Standort des Newbury Building wurde von 1866 bis 1939 vom Rogers Building des MIT belegt. In unmittelbarer Nähe befand sich ein kleineres Gebäude der Boston Society of Natural History.<ref>Vorlage:Literatur</ref> Die Boston Society of Natural History wurde schließlich zum Museum of Science und zog in den 1950er Jahren in ihr heutiges Gebäude auf dem Charles River Dam. Das ursprüngliche Museumsgebäude entging als einziges Bauwerk des Blocks den Abrissarbeiten und steht bis heute.

Das Emerson College, das seit den 1990er Jahren im Zentrum von Boston angesiedelt ist, war zuvor über mehrere Gebäude in Back Bay verteilt. Heute noch im Stadtteil ansässig sind das Berklee College of Music sowie das Boston Architectural College. Die 1845 gegründete New England Historic Genealogical Society ist die älteste und größte genealogische Gesellschaft der Vereinigten Staaten und hat ihren Sitz ebenfalls in Back Bay, ebenso wie das Goethe-Institut und die Alliance Francaise.

Literatur

• Vorlage:Literatur
• Vorlage:Literatur
• Vorlage:Literatur
• Vorlage:Literatur
• Vorlage:Literatur
• Vorlage:Literatur
• Vorlage:Literatur
• Vorlage:Literatur

Weblinks

Vorlage:Commonscat Vorlage:Wiktionary

• Website der Neighborhood Association of Back Bay
• Geschichte der Landaufschüttungen in Boston
• Geschichte der Back Bay
• Vorlage:Webarchiv

Einzelnachweise

<references responsive />

Vorlage:Navigationsleiste Stadtteile in Boston