Kozak-Sequenz

Datei:KozakConsensus.jpg

Die Häufigkeitsverteilung der Nukleinbasen in der Nähe des Startcodons AUG (+1 bis +3), dargestellt durch die Größe des Basen-Codes führt zur Kozak-Sequenz

Die Kozak-Sequenz, auch engl. Kozak consensus sequence genannt, ist eine nach der US-amerikanischen Biochemikerin Marilyn Kozak benannte Nukleinbasen-Sequenz in der Messenger-RNA (mRNA) eukaryotischer Lebewesen. Sie stellt einen Konsens aus den am häufigsten vorkommenden Nukleinbasen in unmittelbarer Nähe des Startcodons AUG auf der mRNA dar. Als Kozak-Sequenz wird oft die Basenfolge (gcc)gccRccATGG genannt, wobei es deutliche Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen von Eukaryoten gibt.<ref name="Kozak1987">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:

       | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
               | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot
               | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
         }}
  }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
   |all    = title=
   |opt    = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical=  name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx=  accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31=
   |cat      = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal
   |errNS    = 0
   |template = Vorlage:Cite journal
   |format   = @@@
   |preview  = 1
  }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if:  | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if:        | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Nucleic Acids Research.
     || Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
        | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
     | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
     | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
     | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
       | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
     | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:Kozak M|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
    | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}</ref> Die Kozak-Sequenz oder eine ähnliche Nukleinbasenfolge wird von den Ribosomen erkannt und ist für den Start der Translation im Rahmen der Proteinbiosynthese von Bedeutung. Abweichungen in der Nukleinbasenfolge können Auswirkungen auf die Proteinbiosynthese haben.<ref name="Kozak1984">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if: 
       | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
               | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot
               | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
         }}
  }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
   |all    = title=
   |opt    = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical=  name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx=  accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31=
   |cat      = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal
   |errNS    = 0
   |template = Vorlage:Cite journal
   |format   = @@@
   |preview  = 1
  }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if:  | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if:        | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Nature
     || Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
        | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
     | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
     | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
     | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
       | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
     | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:Kozak M|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
    | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
  }}</ref>

Bei Prokaryoten übernimmt die Shine-Dalgarno-Sequenz die Funktion der Kozak-Sequenz.

Variationen

Unter den eukaryotischen Lebewesen dominieren verschiedene Variationen der Kozak-Sequenz.

Biota	Phylum	Consensus sequences
Wirbeltiere		gccRccATGG<ref name="Kozak1987"/>
Fruchtfliege (Drosophila melanogaster)	Arthropoda	f}}{{#if:	{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot	Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar\|check	all = title=	opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31=	cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal	errNS = 0	template = Vorlage:Cite journal	format = @@@	preview = 1 }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Nucleic Acids Res.	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:Cavener DR\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}} > 1	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}</ref>
Backhefe (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Ascomycota	f}}{{#if:	{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot	Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar\|check	all = title=	opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31=	cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal	errNS = 0	template = Vorlage:Cite journal	format = @@@	preview = 1 }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Nucleic Acids Res.	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:Hamilton R, Watanabe CK, de Boer HA\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}} > 1	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}</ref>
Dictyostelium discoideum	Amoebozoa	f}}{{#if:	{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot	Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar\|check	all = title=	opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31=	cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal	errNS = 0	template = Vorlage:Cite journal	format = @@@	preview = 1 }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Nucleic Acids Res.	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:Yamauchi K\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}} > 1	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}</ref>
Wimpertierchen	Ciliophora	nTaAAAATGRct<ref name="Yamauchi1991" />
Plasmodium ssp.	Apicomplexa	taaAAAATGAan<ref name="Yamauchi1991" />
Toxoplasma gondii	Apicomplexa	f}}{{#if:	{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot	Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar\|check	all = title=	opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31=	cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal	errNS = 0	template = Vorlage:Cite journal	format = @@@	preview = 1 }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Parasitology Research	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:Seeber, F.\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}} > 1	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}</ref>
Trypanosomatidae	Euglenozoa	nnnAnnATGnC<ref name="Yamauchi1991" />
Landpflanzen		f}}{{#if:	{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot	Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar\|check	all = title=	opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31=	cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal	errNS = 0	template = Vorlage:Cite journal	format = @@@	preview = 1 }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: \| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Embo J.	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:Lütcke HA, Chow KC, Mickel FS, Moss KA, Kern HF, Scheele GA\|^^\|\|+1}}{{#ifeq:^^\|^^\|\|+1}} > 1	Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}</ref>

Einzelnachweise