Reportergen
Ein Reportergen ist ein Gen, mit dessen Hilfe die Expression anderer Gene verfolgt werden kann. Das Reportergen wird dabei meistens nach dem zu untersuchenden Gen, unter demselben Promotor eingeführt. In manchen Fällen ist auch die Aktivität des Promotors an sich von Interesse, ohne ein Zielgen<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}</ref>. Dabei wird ein Reporterenzym, ein fluoreszentes Reporterprotein oder ein detektierbares Antigen gelegentlich auch als Fusionsprotein exprimiert. Fluoreszente Reportergene sind besonders in der Fluoreszenzmikroskopie von Bedeutung.
Bekannte Reportersysteme
- das cat-Gen, codiert für eine Chloramphenicol-Acetyltransferase (CAT)
- das gfp-Gen aus Aequorea victoria, codiert für ein Grün fluoreszierendes Protein (GFP)
- das gusA-Gen aus Escherichia coli, codiert für eine β-Glucuronidase (GUS) (früher bekannt als uidA-Gen)
- das lacZ-Gen aus Escherichia coli, codiert für eine β-Galactosidase (β-Gal), meistens zur Blau-Weiß-Selektion
- die Luciferase-Gene aus Photinus pyralis und Renilla reniformis, codieren für Biolumineszenz-Enzyme
- das Luciferase-Gen aus Oplophorus gracilirostris, einer Tiefseegarnele, codiert für ein Biolumineszenz-Enzym; NanoLuc ist die gentechnisch optimierte 19 kD-Untereinheit der Oploporus-Luciferase<ref name="PMID22894855">M. P. Hall, J. Unch, B. F. Binkowski, M. P. Valley, B. L. Butler, M. G. Wood, P. Otto, K. Zimmerman, G. Vidugiris, T. Machleidt, M. B. Robers, H. A. Benink, C. T. Eggers, M. R. Slater, P. L. Meisenheimer, D. H. Klaubert, F. Fan, L. P. Encell, K. V. Wood: Engineered luciferase reporter from a deep sea shrimp utilizing a novel imidazopyrazinone substrate. In: ACS chemical biology. Band 7, Nummer 11, November 2012, S. 1848–1857, doi:10.1021/cb3002478. PMID 22894855, }} PMC 3501149 (freier Volltext{{#if:|, PDF}}).</ref>
- das Gaussia Luciferase Gen aus Gaussia princeps, einem Ruderfußkrebs, codiert für ein Biolumineszenz-Enzym<ref name="PMID15727940">B. A. Tannous, D. E. Kim, J. L. Fernandez, R. Weissleder, X. O. Breakefield: Codon-optimized Gaussia luciferase cDNA for mammalian gene expression in culture and in vivo. In: Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy. Band 11, Nummer 3, März 2005, S. 435–443, doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.10.016. PMID 15727940.</ref>
- das Aequorin-Gen aus biolumineszenten Quallen der Gattung Aequorea, codiert für ein Photoprotein, das als Calciumsensor eingesetzt wird<ref name="PMID2269434">H. Tanahashi, T. Ito, S. Inouye, F. I. Tsuji, Y. Sakaki: Photoprotein aequorin: use as a reporter enzyme in studying gene expression in mammalian cells. In: Gene. Band 96, Nummer 2, Dezember 1990, S. 249–255. PMID 2269434.</ref>
- das phoA-Gen aus Escherichia coli, codiert für eine Alkalische Phosphatase (AP)
In den entsprechenden Reportersystemen werden die cDNAs für diese Proteine in geeignete Expressionsvektoren kloniert.
Beispiel aus der Pflanzenphysiologie
Die cDNA-Sequenz des β-Glucuronidase (GUS)-Enzyms wird hinter die Promotorsequenz des zu untersuchenden Gens gehängt, und dann in eine Pflanze transformiert. Je nach Art des Promotors wird dann in verschiedenen Zelltypen, Entwicklungsstadien oder Umweltbedingungen Glucuronidase exprimiert, die nach Zugabe des künstlichen farblosen Substrates X-Gluc einen blauen Farbstoff herstellt. Mit diesem System kann man Genexpression auf Organ-, Gewebe- und Zellebene verfolgen.
Geschichte
| Jahr | Genname | Genprodukt | Bedeutung | Assay | Quelle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | lacZ | β-Galactosidase | François Jacob und Jacques Monod erhielten 1965 den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin. | Enzym-Assay, Histochemie (mit X-Gal) | f}}{{#if: | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
}}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
all = title= | opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Cite journal | format = | preview = 1
}}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Cold Spring Harbor Protocols |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:Smale|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}</ref><ref>{{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/URL|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:{{#if:
|
{{#if: | {{#if: | [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:
|
{{#if: | , [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:
|
{{#if: | , [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:
|
{{#if: | , [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:
|
{{#if: | , [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Name|{{#if:
|
{{#if: | {{#if: | [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:
|
{{#if: | , [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:
|
{{#if: | , [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:
|
{{#if: | , [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:
|
{{#if: | , [[|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}
}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Cite book/Name}}
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Name: }}{{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/URL|{{#if:{{#if: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 | {{#invoke: WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965}} | ? }}|[{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivURL|1={{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=Vorlage:Cite book/URL}}}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#if: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 | {{#invoke: WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965}} | ? }}}}]{{#if:| ()}}{{#if:{{#if: | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}| {{#if: | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{#if: | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}}}}}}}|{{#if:https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl%7Cfaculty%7CVorlage:Cite book/URL}}|{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1={{#if: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 | {{#invoke: WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965}} | ? }}}}}}|[{{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1={{#if: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 | {{#invoke: WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965}} | ? }}}}}}]}}{{#if:| ({{#if:{{#if: | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}Vorlage:Cite book/URLNobelPrize.org{{#if: | via {{{via}}} }}Vorlage:Cite book/DateVorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: {{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|{{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO|noerror=1}} | 1 }} | 1
}}}}||1}}}} |
) | de | 1}}}}{{#if: | {{{at}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{id}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{doi}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | PMID {{{pmid}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{arxiv}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Volltext bei PMC: {{{pmc}}}{{#if: | , }}}}| ; | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}| {{#if: | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{#if: | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}}}}}}}}}{{#if:https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil%7CisResourceURL%7C1=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/}} | }}}}{{#if:{{#if: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 | {{#invoke: WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965}} | ? }}|{{#if:{{#invoke:WLink|isValidLinktext|1={{#if: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 | {{#invoke: WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965}} | ? }}|lines=0}} | }}}}{{#if: NobelPrize.org| In: {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel=NobelPrize.org}}}}{{#if: {{#if: | via {{{via}}} }}| {{#if: | via {{{via}}} }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/DateVorlage:Cite book/URL|,|{{#if: {{#if: 2025-04-04 | format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|{{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO|noerror=1}} | 1 }} | 1
}}}}||,}}}}}}}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/Date| {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format|Vorlage:Cite book/Date|noerror=1}} |
format|Vorlage:Cite book/Date|T._Monat JJJJ}} | failure|1=Fehler bei Vorlage:Internetquelle, datum=Vorlage:Cite book/Date|class=Zitationswartung}} }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/URL|,|{{#if: {{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|{{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO|noerror=1}} | 1 }} | 1
}}}}||,}}}}}}}}{{#if: | S. {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/URL|,|{{#if: {{#if: 2025-04-04 |
format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|{{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO|noerror=1}} | 1 }} | 1
}}}}||,}}}}}}}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|Vorlage:Cite book/URL}}| {{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/Date{{#if: | via {{{via}}} }}|{{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/URL|archiviert|ehemals}}|{{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/URL|Archiviert|Ehemals}}}} {{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/URL|vom|im}} Vorlage:Referrer{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|Vorlage:Cite book/URL}}| (nicht mehr online verfügbar)}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/URL| am {{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}|Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if:571397||(?)}}}}}}{{#if: {{#if: 2025-04-04 |
format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}}|;}}}}{{#if: {{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}}| {{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/Date{{#if: | via {{{via}}} }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|Vorlage:Cite book/URL}}|abgerufen|Abgerufen}} {{#switch: {{#invoke:Str|len| {{#invoke:DateTime|format| {{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}} |ISO|noerror=1}} }} |
4=im Jahr | 7=im | 10=am | failure|1=Fehler bei Vorlage:Internetquelle, abruf={{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}}|class=Zitationswartung}} }} {{#invoke:DateTime|format|{{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}}|T._Monat JJJJ}} |
failure|1=Vorlage:Internetquelle | abruf=2026-MM-TT ist Pflichtparameter}} }}{{#if:{{#ifeq:en-us|de |
1}}}}{{#if: | {{{at}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{id}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{doi}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | PMID {{{pmid}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{arxiv}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Volltext bei PMC: {{{pmc}}}{{#if: | , }}}}|{{#if:{{#if: | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}Vorlage:Cite book/URLNobelPrize.org{{#if: | via {{{via}}} }}Vorlage:Cite book/DateVorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: {{#if: 2025-04-04 | format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|{{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO|noerror=1}} | 1 }} | 1
}}}}||1}}}} |
( | | (}}
}}{{#ifeq:{{#if:en-us|en-us|de}}|de||
{{#invoke:Multilingual|format|en-us|slang=!|split=[%s,]+|shift=m|separator=, }}}}{{#if: {{#if: | {{{at}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{id}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{doi}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | PMID {{{pmid}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{arxiv}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Volltext bei PMC: {{{pmc}}}{{#if: | , }}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#if:en-us|en-us|de}}|de||, }}{{#if: | {{{at}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{id}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{doi}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | PMID {{{pmid}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{arxiv}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Volltext bei PMC: {{{pmc}}}{{#if: | , }}}}}})}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/DateVorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: {{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO}} | 0001-01-01
}} |
0001-01-01
}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|{{#if: 2025-04-04
|
format|2025-04-04|ISO|noerror=1}} | 1 }} | 1
}}}}||1}} }}en-us{{#if: | {{{at}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{id}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{doi}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | PMID {{{pmid}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | {{{arxiv}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Bibcode: {{{bibcode}}}{{#if: | , }}}}{{#if: | Volltext bei PMC: {{{pmc}}}{{#if: | , }}}}|{{#if: |: {{
#if:
|
„{{
#ifeq: {{#if:{{#if: {{#invoke:templutl|faculty|}}|de-ch|de}}|{{#if: {{#invoke:templutl|faculty|}}|de-ch|de}}|de}} | de
|
Vorlage:Str trim | flat}}
}}“
|
faculty|}}|de-ch|de}}|{{#if: {{#invoke:templutl|faculty|}}|de-ch|de}}|de}} | de | „Vorlage:Str trim“ | quote | 1={{#if: | flat}} | flat}} }} | faculty|}}|de-CH|de}} | 3=1}} }}
}}{{#if: |
: }}{{#if: | , deutsch: „“ }}) | {{#if: | , deutsch: „“ }}) | (deutsch: „“) }}
}} }}{{#if: |
{{#if: | {{#if: | Vorlage:": Text= und 1= gleichzeitig, bzw. Pipe zu viel }} }}
|
Vorlage:": Text= fehlt }}{{#if: | {{#if: {{#invoke:Text|unstrip|{{{ref}}}}}
|
Vorlage:": Ungültiger Wert: ref=
|
{{{ref}}} }}
}}|.{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|Vorlage:Cite book/URL}}|{{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/URL||{{#ifeq: Vorlage:Cite book/URL | JaKeinHinweis |{{#switch: |
=Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#if: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/ | [1] }} (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format | F Y}} }}. Suche im Internet Archive ){{#if: | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }}
}} |
(Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|#default=dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format | F Y}} }}.)
}}{{#switch:
|
0|= | #default={{#if: | }}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
opt = inline= url= text= datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Toter Link | format = | preview = 1
}}{{#if: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/
|
isWebURL|https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/}} | {{#if: | }}
}} |
{{#if: | {{#if: | }} | {{#if: | }}
}}
}}{{#if:
|
format | noerror=1}} | {{#if: | }}
}}
}}{{#switch: deadurl
|
deadurl|= | #default= {{#if: | }}
}}|#default= https://wiki-de.moshellshocker.dns64.de/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Defekte_Weblinks&dwl=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/ Die nachstehende Seite ist {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar]{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. (Suche im Internet Archive. ) {{#if: |
| Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }}
}}Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#switch: |
0|= | #default= {{#if: | }}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
all = inline= url= | opt = datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Toter Link | format = | preview = 1
}}{{#if: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/
|
isWebURL|https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/}} | {{#if: | }}
}}
}}{{#if:
|
format | noerror=1}} | {{#if: | }}
}}
}}{{#switch: deadurl
|
deadurl|= | #default= {{#if: | }}
}}[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/ }}|{{#switch: |
=Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#if: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/ | [2] }} (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format | F Y}} }}. Suche im Internet Archive ){{#if: | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }}
}} |
(Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|#default=dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format | F Y}} }}.)
}}{{#switch:
|
0|= | #default={{#if: | }}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
opt = inline= url= text= datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Toter Link | format = | preview = 1
}}{{#if: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/
|
isWebURL|https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/}} | {{#if: | }}
}} |
{{#if: | {{#if: | }} | {{#if: | }}
}}
}}{{#if:
|
format | noerror=1}} | {{#if: | }}
}}
}}{{#switch:
|
deadurl|= | #default= {{#if: | }}
}}|#default= https://wiki-de.moshellshocker.dns64.de/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Defekte_Weblinks&dwl=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/ Die nachstehende Seite ist {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar]{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. (Suche im Internet Archive. ) {{#if: |
| Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }}
}}Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#switch: |
0|= | #default= {{#if: | }}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
all = inline= url= | opt = datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Toter Link | format = | preview = 1
}}{{#if: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/
|
isWebURL|https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/}} | {{#if: | }}
}}
}}{{#if:
|
format | noerror=1}} | {{#if: | }}
}}
}}{{#switch:
|
deadurl|= | #default= {{#if: | }}
}}[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/ }} }}}}}}}}}}{{#if:| {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivBot|stamp=|text={{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/URL|Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot}} }}}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |
all= url= titel= | opt= autor= hrsg= format= sprache= titelerg= werk= seiten= datum= abruf= zugriff= abruf-verborgen= archiv-url= archiv-datum= archiv-bot= kommentar= zitat= AT= CH= offline= | 0 | Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Internetquelle}} | template= Vorlage:Internetquelle | format=0 | preview=1
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |
all = url= title= | opt = script-title= trans-title= archive-url= archiveurl= archive-date= archivedate= authors= vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= authorlink1= author-link= author-link1= author2= author-link2= author3= author-link3= author4= author-link4= author5= author-link5= author6= author7= author8= author9= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= others= language= lang= format= website= work= publisher= via= pages= page= at= date= year= id= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= arxiv= archivedate= archive-date= archivebot= accessdate= access-date= quote= comment= url-status= ref= url-access= orig-year= editor= editor-link= editor-last= editor-first= editor1-link= editor1-last= editor1-first= editor2= editor2-last= editor2-first= editor2-link= department= series= agency= location= place= publication-place= publication-date= type= asin= doi-broken-date= isbn= issn= jfm= jstor= lccn= mr= oclc= ol= osti= rfc= ssrn= zbl= postscript= df= mode= display-authors= display-editors= book-title= contribution-url= offline= coauthors= month= authorlink2= authorlink3= authorlink4= authorlink5= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite web | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Cite web | format = | preview = 1
}}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/Webarchiv |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:NobelPrize.org|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:2025-04-04|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:en-US|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}</ref> | ||
| 1962 | rfp | Rot fluoreszierendes Protein | Mikroskopie, Spektrophotometrie | f}}{{#if: | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
}}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
all = title= | opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Cite journal | format = | preview = 1
}}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Molecular BioSystems |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:Nordgren|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}</ref> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1979 | cat | Chloramphenicol-Acetyltransferase | Messung der Genexpression in Eukaryoten. | Chloramphenicol-Acetylierung | f}}{{#if: | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
}}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
all = title= | opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Cite journal | format = | preview = 1
}}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Cold Spring Harbor Protocols |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:Smale|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}</ref> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1985 | luc | Luciferase | Verwendet Biolumineszenz als Reporter. | Biolumineszenz | f}}{{#if: | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
}}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
all = title= | opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Cite journal | format = | preview = 1
}}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Cold Spring Harbor Protocols |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:Smale|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}</ref> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1987 | gus | Β-Glucuronidase | Wird bei Pflanzen zur Färbung der Genexpression verwendet. | Histochemie, Fluoreszenzmikroskopie | f}}{{#if: | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
}}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
all = title= | opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Cite journal | format = | preview = 1
}}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: The EMBO Journal |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:Jefferson|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}</ref> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1994 | gfp | Grün fluoreszierendes Protein | Genexpression in Echtzeit. | Fluoreszenzmikroskopie | f}}{{#if: | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
}}
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|
all = title= | opt = vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= author-link= author-link1= author1-link= author2= author3= author4= author5= author6= author7= author8= author9= editor= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= others= script-title= trans-title= date= year= volume= issue= number= series= page= pages= at= issn= arxiv= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= jstor= oclc= id= url= url-status= format= access-date= archive-date= archive-url= archivebot= offline= location= publisher= language= quote= work= journal= newspaper= magazine= periodical= name-list-style= url-access= doi-access= display-authors= via= s2cid= mr= type= citeseerx= accessdate= archivedate= archiveurl= coauthors= month= day= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= last22= first22= last23= first23= last24= first24= last25= first25= last26= first26= last27= first27= last28= first28= last29= first29= last30= first30= last31= first31= | cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite journal | errNS = 0 | template = Vorlage:Cite journal | format = | preview = 1
}}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: The FASEB Journal |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
|
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:Soboleski|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 |
Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}</ref> |
Literatur
- S. R. Kain & S. Ganguly: Overview of Genetic Reporter Systems. In: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. Mai 2001; Chapter 9: Unit 9.6 PMID 18265284
- H. A. Shuman & T. J. Silhavy: The art and design of genetic screens: Escherichia coli. In: Nat. Rev. Genet. Band 4 2003, S. 419–31. PMID 12776212
Siehe auch
Einzelnachweise
<references />
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:URL
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:Linktext
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:Datum
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:"
- Wikipedia:Weblink offline fix-attempted
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link/URL fehlt
- Gen
- Molekularbiologie
- Nukleinsäure-Methode
- Biochemisches Nachweisverfahren
- Desoxyribonukleinsäure