Histon H3
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{{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if:4765| {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: H3F3BP84243601058 | {{#if: H3F3B | {{#if: P84243601058 | {{#if: | {{#if:| {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: {{#if: P84243 | {{#ifeq: | NV ||1}}|}}| {{#if: P84243 | {{#ifeq: | NV || | style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#000000;" | Homologie-Familie {{#if: | | style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#000000;" | Übergeordnetes Taxon {{#if: | | style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#000000;" | Ausnahmen {{#if: | {{{Orthologe}}} }}| {{#if: H3 histone, family 3B (H3.3B) | H3 histone, family 3B (H3.3B) | Histon H3 }} | |||||||||||||
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Histon H3 ist eines der fünf Haupt-Histon-Proteine des Chromatins in eukaryotischen Zellen. Bestehend aus einer globulären Hauptdomäne und einem langen N-terminalen Ende, spielt es eine Rolle in der Struktur der Nukleosomen und somit der „Perlenschnur“-Struktur der Chromatinfäden.
Das N-terminale Ende des Histons H3 ragt aus dem kugeligen Kern des Nukleosomes heraus und kann durch verschiedene epigenetische Modifikationen verändert werden. Diese Histonmodifikationen sind kovalente Anhänge von Methyl- oder Acetylgruppen an die Aminosäuren Lysin und Arginin und die Phosphorylierung von Serin oder Threonin. Die Methylierung von Lysin 9 wird mit der Stilllegung von Genen assoziiert (siehe HP1), dem sog. „Gen-Silencing“ und der Bildung von relativ inaktiven DNA-Regionen, dem sogenannten Heterochromatin. Die Acetylierung von Histon H3 findet unter dem Einfluss der Enzymfamilie der Histon-Acetyltransferasen (HAT) an verschiedenen Lysin-Positionen am Histonende statt. Die Acetylierung von Lysin 14 findet häufig in aktiv transkribierten Genregionen statt.
Mutationen in der Histon H3-Proteinfamilie finden sich typischerweise in den seltenen Riesenzelltumoren des Bindegewebes und des Knochens.<ref>Edwin Choy, Francis J. Hornicek, Yen-Lin Chen, Daniel I. Rosenthal, Darcy A. Kerr: Case 26-2016: A 28-year-old woman with back pain and a lesion in the lumbar spine New England Journal of Medicine 2016, Band 375, Ausgabe 8 vom 25. August 2016, Seiten 779–788, DOI:10.1056/NEJMcpc1505482</ref>
Andere Histon-Proteine
Literatur
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Einzelnachweise
<references />